Vocab Flashcards
Undersecretion of thyroid hormones
Hypothyroidism
Group of three muscles (sternothyroid,sternohyoid, and omohyoid) that lies anterior to the thyroid.
Strap muscles
Thyroid hormone important for maintaining a dense, strong bone matrix and regulating the blood calcium level
Calcitonin
Low phosphate level associated with hyperparathyroidism
Hypophosphatasia
Laboratory value that is elevated with hyperparathyroidism
Serum calcium
Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine and triiodothyronine
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Wedge-shaped muscle posterior to the thyroid lobes
Longus colli muscles
Hormone secreted by parathyroid glands that regulates serum calcium levels
Parathyroid hormone
Refers to a normal functioning thyroid gland
Euthyroid
Small piece of thyroid tissue that connects the right and left lobes of the gland
Isthmus
Large muscles anterolateral to the thyroid
Sternocleidomastoid muscles
Over secretion of thyroid hormones
Hyperthyroidism
Present in small percentage of patients; extends superiorly from the isthmus
Pyramidal lobe
Disorder characterized by a localized or generalized enlargement of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels
Lymphadenopathy
Remnant embryonic development that appears as a cyst in the neck
Brachial cleft cyst
Disorder associated with elevated serum calcium level, usually caused by a benign parathyroid adenoma
Hyperparathyroidism
Over secretion of parathyroid hormone, usually from a parathyroid adenoma
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Congenital anomalies that present in the midline of the neck anterior to the trachea
Thyroglossal duct cysts
Enlargement of the multiple parathyroid glands
Parathyroid hyperplasia
Enlargement of parathyroid glands in patients with renal failure or vitamin D deficiency
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Use of a fine-gauge needle to obtain cells from a mass
Fine-needle aspiration
Degenerative nodules within the thyroid
Nodular hyperplasia
Inflammation of the thyroid
Thyroiditis
Viral infection of the thyroid that causes inflammation
Subacute (de Quervain’s) thyroiditis
Autoimmune disorder characterized by a diffuse toxic goiter, bulging eyes, and cutaneous manifestations
Grave’s disease
Modular enlargement of the thyroid associated with hyperthyroidism
Multinodular goiter
Benign thyroid neoplasm characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation
Adenoma
Most common form of thyroid malignancy
Papillary carcinoma
Rare, undifferentiated carcinoma occurring in middle age
Anaplastic carcinoma
Chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland caused by the formation of antibodies against normal thyroid tissue
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Occurs as a solitary malignant mass within the the thyroid gland
Follicular carcinoma
Enlargement of the thyroid gland that can be focal or diffuse, multiple nodules may be present
Goiter
Neoplastic growth that accounts for 10% of thyroid malignancies
Medullary carcinoma
Tiny echogenic foci within a nodule that may or may not shadow
Micro calcification
