VOCAB 8 & 9

Question 0

Boundary

Answer 0

Invisible line that marks the extent of a states territory

Question 1

Balance of Power

Answer 1

Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries

Question 2

City-state

Answer 2

A sovereign state comprising a city and it’s immediate hinterland

Question 3

Colonialism

Answer 3

Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory

Question 4

Colony

Answer 4

A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent

Question 5

Compact state

Answer 5

A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary doesn’t vary significantly

Question 6

Elongated state

Answer 6

A state with a long, narrow shape

Question 7

Federal state

Answer 7

An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government

Question 8

Fragmented state

Answer 8

A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory

Question 9

Frontier

Answer 9

A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control

Question 10

Gerrymandering

Answer 10

Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power

Question 11

Imperialism

Answer 11

Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous group

Question 12

Landlocked state

Answer 12

A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea

Question 13

Microstate

Answer 13

A state that encompasses a very small land area

Question 14

Perforated state

Answer 14

A state that completely surrounds another one

Question 15

Prorupted state

Answer 15

An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension

Question 16

Sovereignty

Answer 16

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs

Question 17

State

Answer 17

Am area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs

Question 18

Unitary state

Answer 18

An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials

Question 19

Development

Answer 19

A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology

Question 20

Fair trade

Answer 20

Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small business and worker-owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages , permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards

Question 21

Foreign direct investment (FDI)

Answer 21

Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country

Question 22

Gender empowerment measure (GEM)

Answer 22

Compares ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making

Question 23

Gender-related development index (GDI)

Answer 23

Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes

Question 24

Gross domestic product (GDP)

Answer 24

The value of the total output of goods and services produces in a country in a given time period (normally 1 year)

Question 25

Human development index (HDI)

Answer 25

Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by the United Nations, combining income, literacy . Education, and life expectancy

Question 26

Less developed country (LDC)

Answer 26

A country that is at a relatively early stage in the process oF economic development

Question 27

Literacy rate

Answer 27

The percentage of a country’s people who can read and write

Question 28

Millennium development goals

Answer 28

Eight international development goals that all members of the United Nations have agreed to achieve by 2015

Question 29

More developed country (MDC)

Answer 29

A country that had progressed relatively far along a continuum of development

Question 30

Primary sector

Answer 30

The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earths surface. Generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry

Question 31

Productivity

Answer 31

The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it

Question 32

Secondary sector

Answer 32

The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials

Question 33

Structural adjustment program

Answer 33

Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing government spending, controlling inflation, selling publicly owned utilities to private corporations, and charging citizens more for services

Question 34

Tertiary sector

Answer 34

The portion is the economy concerned with transportation, communications , and utilities, and sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people , in exchange for payment

Question 35

Transnational corporation

Answer 35

A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where it’s headquarters or shareholders are located

Question 36

Value added

Answer 36

The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy