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CSET: Subtest II Science > VOCAB > Flashcards

VOCAB Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

altimeter

A

an instrument that uses air pressure to record height, such as the height of a plane

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2
Q

anemometer

A

an instrument to measure wind speed

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3
Q

angiosperm

A

a group of plants that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary, which may mature into a fruit

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4
Q

annuals

A

plants that die after one growing season

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5
Q

asexual reproduction

A

reproduction involving only one parent

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6
Q

atmosphere

A

the earth’s atmosphere is primarily nitrogen and oxygen

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7
Q

aurora borealis (northern lights)

A

light emission from the upper atmosphere that appears in many shapes and colors

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8
Q

bacillus

A

a rod-shaped bacteria

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9
Q

blood

A

fluid that circulates throughout the body of an animal, distributing nutrients, usually oxygen

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10
Q

california current

A

a dry, north wind in late spring, summer, and early fall in north and central ca

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11
Q

canopy

A

a layer of tree branches and other vegetation elevated above the ground

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12
Q

co2

A

a colorless, odorless gas that is important in the earth’s atmospheric greenhouse effect. frozen co2 is dry ice

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13
Q

carcinogen

A

a substance that can lead to cancer

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14
Q

carcinoma

A

a malignant tumor, which forms in the skin and outside of the internal organs

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15
Q

carnivore

A

an organism that eats meat, which includes animals, fungi, and plants

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16
Q

ceilometer

A

an instrument that measures cloud height

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17
Q

cell

A

the fundamental unit of life. the cell consists of an outer plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA)

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18
Q

celcius

A

a temperature scale in which water freezes at 0c and boils at 100c

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19
Q

chemotherapy

A

a cancer treatment that includes chemicals toxic to malignant cells

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20
Q

chinook wind

A

a warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the rocky mountains

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21
Q

chlorophyll

A

the green substance that absorbs light during photosynthesis

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22
Q

chromosome

A

a single DNA molecule, a tightly coiled strand of DNA, condensed into a compact structure

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23
Q

clone

A

an identical copy of a chromosome

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24
Q

cloud

A

a visible group of water or ice particles in the atmosphere

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25
Q

commensalism

A

a relationship between dissimilar organisms that is advantageous to one and doesn’t affect the other

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26
Q

continental divide

A

in the US, the part of the western mountains that separates water flowing toward opposite sides of the country

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27
Q

convection

A

the movement up in the atmosphere of heated moisture. hot fluids rise. thunderstorms are often caused by convection

heat is transferred via solid material (conduction), liquids and gases (convection), and electromagnetical waves (radiation)

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28
Q

core

A

the portion of earth from beneath the mantle to the earth’s center

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29
Q

cross-pollination

A

fertilization of one plant by pollen from a different plant species

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30
Q

diabetes

A

a disease related to lowered levels of insulin

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31
Q

diploid cell

A

a cell with two copies of each chromosome

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32
Q

DNA

A

primary component of chromosomes that carry an organism’s genetic code

carries all the information about how a living thing will look and function

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33
Q

double helix

A

a term used to describe the coiling strands of DNA molecule that resembles a spiral staircase

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34
Q

ecology

A

the student of the interactions of organisms with their environment and with each other

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35
Q

ecosystem

A

all the organisms in an area and the environment in which they live

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36
Q

el nino

A

warming of pacific ocean seawater along the coast of South America that leads to significant weather changes in the US

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37
Q

embryo

A

the stage of cellular divisions that develops from a zygote

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38
Q

enzyme

A

a protein that aids biochemical reactions

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39
Q

epicenter

A

the place on the surface of the earth immediately above the focus of an earthquake

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40
Q

esophagus

A

the part of the gut that connects the pharynx and stomach

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41
Q

estuary

A

a place where fresh water and sea water mix

42
Q

flower

A

the reproductive parts of flowering plants

43
Q

fossil

A

evidence of past life

44
Q

fruit

A

the part of flowering plants that contain seeds

45
Q

gamete

A

reproductive haploid cells that combine to create a zygote

46
Q

genus

A

the level of plant and animal between the species and the family

difference between genus and species is that genus is a lower classification level that lies below family and above species, whereas species is the fundamental category of closely related organisms that lies below the genus.

47
Q

germination

A

the process by which seeds develop into seedlings

48
Q

gill

A

the tissues aquatic animals use to breathe in the water

49
Q

glucose

A

a simple sugar and a product of photosynthesis

50
Q

gut

A

the part of the body cavity between the mouth and anus including in most animals the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestine, and the anus

51
Q

haploid cell

A

a cell with one set of chromosomes, which is half the regular (diploid) number

52
Q

heart

A

a muscle that pumps to circulate the blood

53
Q

herbivore

A

an organism that relies primarily on plants for food

54
Q

hypothesis

A

a preliminary proposition that can be tested through scientific study

55
Q

insulin

A

a hormone needed to transport glucose to cells

56
Q

interferon

A

small proteins that stimulate viral resistance in cells

57
Q

intestine

A

the digestive tract between the stomach and anus where most nutrients are absorbed

58
Q

isotope

A

atoms of the same chemical element with a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons and have the same atomic number but may not have the same mass

59
Q

jet stream

A

strong upper wind currents in a narrow stream that flow west to east in the US. weather patterns are related to the position of the jet stream, which changes often

60
Q

kelvin

A

a temperature scale in which 1 kelvin equals 1c. 0 kelvin is about -273c
0 kelvin is called absolute zero because there is no movement of molecules

61
Q

knot

A

one nautical mile per hour or about 1.15 mph

62
Q

larva

A

in the metamorphosis of insects, the larva becomes a pupa before it becomes an adult

63
Q

lenticular cloud

A

an almond-shaped cloud usually seen on windy days

64
Q

lipids

A

compounds that are fats and oils

65
Q

magma

A

molten rock formed in the earth that may appear on the surface

66
Q

mantle

A

the part of earth located between the crust and the core

67
Q

marsupial

A

a mammal whose young crawl into its mother’s pouch to complete development

ex. kangaroos

68
Q

meiosis

A

the process in which a diploid cell divides to form haploid cells

69
Q

metamorphosis

A

in most amphibians, a process in which larva goes through significant changes, perhaps including a pupa stage, before becoming an adult

70
Q

mirage

A

the phenomenon when refraction of light makes objects appear where they are not

71
Q

mitosis

A

cell division consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, that usually creates in two new nuclei, each with a full set of choromosomes

72
Q

moraine

A

material deposited by a glacier and often marking a glacier’s furthest advance

73
Q

nebula

A

an interstellar cloud of dust and gas

74
Q

nerve

A

a bundle of neurons, or nerve cells

75
Q

neuron

A

a cell that reacts to stimuli and transmits impulses consisting of a body with a nucleus and dendrites to receive and axons to transmit impulses

76
Q

niche

A

an organism’s unique place in the environment

77
Q

nimbostratus

A

a dark cloud, but not a thundercloud, that frequently produces rain

78
Q

nucleus

A

an organelle in a cell that contains chromosomes

79
Q

nymph

A

the larval stage of an aquatic insect

80
Q

paleontology

A

study and interpretation of fossils

81
Q

parasitism

A

a relationship between organisms in which one organism benefits and the other does not die, even though the second organism may be harmed

82
Q

perennials

A

plants that live through more than one growing season

83
Q

permafrost

A

soil beneath the earth’s surface that stays frozen throughout the year

84
Q

phloem

A

the tissue in plants that conducts nutrients

85
Q

phylum

A

a level of plant and animal classification between class and kingdom

86
Q

placenta

A

a tissue in the uterus through which nutrients pass from the mother to the fetus

87
Q

plankton

A

floating aquatic plants (phytoplankton) and animals (zooplankton)

88
Q

plate tectonics

A

the movement of plates and the interaction across the earth’s surface to form land masses

89
Q

pollination

A

movement of pollen to a plant egg cell, often by wind, bees, or other animals

90
Q

pupa

A

in metamorphosis, the stage between the larva and adult

91
Q

radiocarbon dating

A

a way to date organic substances based on the carbon-14 remaining

92
Q

rainbow

A

light refracted through raindrops to form colors of a spectrum from red to blue

93
Q

reef

A

a ridge built in water by organisms such as coral

94
Q

seed

A

in plants, a seed includes the embryo

95
Q

sonic boom

A

a loud noise caused by a shock wave when an object exceeds the speed of sound

96
Q

summer solistice

A

when the sun is highest in the sky and directly above the Tropic of Cancer 23 1/2 degrees North Latitude

this date usually falls on june 22nd

97
Q

tree rings

A

rings that show how many years a tree has been growing. the thickness of the rings may reveal other information about climatic conditions

98
Q

vernal equinox

A

when the sun is directly over the equator. this date usually falls on march 20th

99
Q

virga

A

precipitation that evaporates before it reaches the earth’s surface

100
Q

weathering

A

the physical, chemical, and biological processes by which rock is broken down into smaller pieces

101
Q

wind chill

A

the combined cooling effect of wind and temperature. higher wind chills indicate that a body will cool more quickly to the air temperature

102
Q

gravitation

A

objects with mass attract one another

CSET: Subtest II Science (2 decks)

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