Life Science

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

Smallest unit of life that is capable of reproduction

Question 2

Prokaryotes

Answer 2

Bacteria; including Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

Question 3

Eukaryotes

Answer 3

Plant cells and animal cells

Question 4

Reproduction

Answer 4

Cells in most plants/animals reproduce in six stages:

4 of these stages are called Mitosis (a cell duplicates its own set of chromosomes)
Chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell, cell splits and makes an exact copy of itself in cytokinesis

Question 5

Mitosis

Answer 5

cell division of parent cell into two daughter cells

Interphase: cell prepares for mitosis
Prophase: mitosis begins as the cell begins to divide
Metaphase: chromosomes align around the equator of the cell
Anaphase: sister chromosomes are formed and move toward opposite ends of the cell
Telophase: mitosis ends and two new nuclei are formed
Cytokinesis: the cell splits into two daughter cells

Question 6

photosynthesis

Answer 6

converts light energy into chemical energy & gives off oxygen

plants use energy in the sunlight to convert carbon dioxide (6CO2) from the atmosphere + water into simple sugars. chlorophyll is essential

Question 7

respiration

Answer 7

release of energy by oxidation of sugar

Question 8

photosynthesis

Answer 8

converts light energy into chemical energy & gives off oxygen

plants use energy in the sunlight to convert carbon dioxide (6CO2) from the atmosphere + water into simple sugars. chlorophyll is essential

Question 9

respiration

Answer 9

release of energy by oxidation of sugar

Question 10

nucleus

Answer 10

membrane-enclosed organelle found in all eukaryotic cells

Question 11

meiosis

Answer 11

process of reductional division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half

essential for sexual reproduction (occurs in all eukaryotes- animals, plants, fungi)

Question 12

asexual reproduction

Answer 12

form of reproduction which does not involve meiosis or fertilization. the primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms (archaea, bacteria)

only one parent is involved

Question 13

meiosis

Answer 13

process of reductional division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half

essential for sexual reproduction (occurs in all eukaryotes- animals, plants, fungi, and protists)

Question 14

digestion

Answer 14

breaking down of chemicals in the body into a form that can be absorbed

Question 15

circulatory system

Answer 15

organ system that moves nutrients, gases, and wastes to form cells, helps fight diseases, and stabilizes body temp and pH to maintain homeostasis

Question 16

nervous system

Answer 16

brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

functional unit of the NS is the neuron: nerve cell with short dendrites that carry electrical impulses to the cell body, and a long axon (the outgoing fiber along which the impulse is transmitted further)

Question 17

hindbrain

Answer 17

cerebellum and medulla oblongata

operates unconsciously and automatically to regulate vital functions (circulation, respiration, excretion, and muscle tension)

Question 18

cerebrum

Answer 18

largest part of the brain

receives information from the senses and makes conscious decisions

Question 19

chloroplasts

Answer 19

organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis

absorb light and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide to produce sugars

Question 20

mitochondrion

Answer 20

found in most eukaryotic cells & generate most of cell’s supply of ATP (used as a source of energy)

involved with signaling, cellular differentiation, cell death, and control of the cell cycle/cell growth

Question 21

natural selection

Answer 21

the process by which favorable heritable traits become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms

unfavorable heritable traits become less common