Vocab 6

Question 1

Acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceeds its oxygen supply

Answer 1

Angina pectoris

Question 2

Aortic insufficiency; incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole

Answer 2

Aortic regurgitation

Question 3

Calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood during systole

Answer 3

Aortic stenosis

Question 4

The left semilunar valve separating the left ventricle and the aorta

Answer 4

Aortic valve

Question 5

Tip of the heart pointing down toward the 5th left intercostal space

Answer 5

Apex of the heart

Question 6

Point of the maximal impulse (PMI); pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest wall during systole, normally at the 5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line

Answer 6

Apical impulse

Question 7

Broader area of heart’s outline located at the 3rd right and left intercostal spaces

Answer 7

Base of the heart

Question 8

Cup-shaped endpiece used for soft, low-pitched heart sounds

Answer 8

Bell (of stethoscope)

Question 9

Slow heart rate, less than 50 beats per minute in the adult

Answer 9

Bradycardia

Question 10

Bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions

Answer 10

Clubbing

Question 11

Severe narrowing of the descending aorta, a congenital heart defect

Answer 11

Coarctation of aorta

Question 12

Right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension

Answer 12

Cor pulmonale

Question 13

Dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood

Answer 13

Cyanosis

Question 14

Flat endpiece of the stethoscope used for hearing relatively high-pitched heart sounds

Answer 14

Diaphragm (of stethoscope)

Question 15

The heart’s filling phase

Answer 15

Diastole

Question 16

Difficult, labored breathing

Answer 16

Dyspnea

Question 17

Swelling of legs or dependent body part due to increased interstitial fluid

Answer 17

Edema

Question 18

Traditional auscultatory area in the 3rd left intercostal space

Answer 18

Erb’s point

Question 19

Occurs with closure of the atrioventricular valves signaling the beginning of systole

Answer 19

First heart sound; S1

Question 20

gallop, atrial gallop; very slow, low-pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in late diastole

Answer 20

Fourth heart sound; S4

Question 21

The addition of a 3rd or 4th heart sound; makes the rhythm sound like the cadence of a galloping horse

Answer 21

Gallop rhythm

Question 22

Technique of moving the stethoscope incrementally across the precordium through the auscultatory areas while listening to the heart sounds

Answer 22

Inching

Question 23

Increase in thickness of myocardial wall that occurs when the heart pumps against chronic outflow obstruction (e.g. aortic stenosis)

Answer 23

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)

Question 24

Imaginary vertical line bisecting the middle of the clavicle in each hemithorax

Answer 24

Midclavicular line (MCL)

Question 25

Mitral insufficiency; incompetent mitral valve allows regurgitation of blood back into left atrium during systole

Answer 25

Mitral regurgitation

Question 26

Calcified mitral valve impedes forward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole

Answer 26

Mitral stenosis

Question 27

Left atrioventricular valve separating the left atrium and ventricle

Answer 27

Mitral valve

Question 28

Uncomfortable awareness of rapid or irregular heart rate

Answer 28

Palpitation

Question 29

Opposite of a normal split S2 so that the split is heard in expiration, and in inspiration the sounds fuse to one sound

Answer 29

Paradoxical splitting

Question 30

High-pitched, scratchy extracardiac sound heard when the precordium is inflamed

Answer 30

Pericardial friction rub

Question 31

Normal variation in S2 heard as two separate components during inspiration

Answer 31

Physiologic splitting

Question 32

Area of the chest wall overlying the heart and great vessels

Answer 32

Precordium

Question 33

Pulmonic insufficiency; backflow of blood through incompetent pulmonic valve into the right ventricle

Answer 33

Pulmonic regurgitation

Question 34

Calcification of pulmonic valve that restricts forward flow of blood during systole

Answer 34

Pulmonic stenosis

Question 35

Right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Answer 35

Pulmonic valve

Question 36

Occurs with closure of the semilunar valves, aortic, and pulmonic; signals end of systole

Answer 36

Second heart sound; S2

Question 37

Abnormal mid-diastolic heart sound heard when both the pathologic S3 and S4 are present

Answer 37

Summation gallop

Question 38

Temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow (fainting); caused by ventricular asystole, pronounced bradycardia, or ventricular fibrillation

Answer 38

Syncope

Question 39

The heart’s pumping phase

Answer 39

Systole

Question 40

Rapid heart rate, greater than 95 beats per minute in the adult

Answer 40

Tachycardia

Question 41

Soft, low-pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in early diastole (S3 gallop) and may be an early sign of heart failure

Answer 41

Third heart sound; S3

Question 42

Palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying severe heart murmur

Answer 42

Thrill

Question 43

Right atrioventricular valve separating the right atrium and ventricle

Answer 43

Tricuspid valve

Question 44

Test that determines the latency of the radial and ulnar arteries by compressing one artery site and observing return of skin color as evidence of patency of the other artery

Answer 44

Allen test

Question 45

Defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect

Answer 45

Aneurysm

Question 46

Variation from the heart’s regular rhythm

Answer 46

Arrhythmia

Question 47

Thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls

Answer 47

Arteriosclerosis

Question 48

Plaques of fatty deposits formed in the inner layer (intima) of the arteries

Answer 48

Atherosclerosis

Question 49

Blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded

Answer 49

Bruit

Question 50

Deficiency of arterial blood to a body part due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel

Answer 50

Ischemia

Question 51

Small oval clumps of lymphatic tissue located at grouped intervals along lymphatic vessels

Answer 51

Lymph nodes

Question 52

Swelling of extremity due to obstructed lymph channel, nonpitting

Answer 52

Lymphedema

Question 53

Indentation left after examiner depresses the skin over swollen edematous tissue

Answer 53

Pitting edema

Question 54

Viewing the finger from the side to detect early clubbing

Answer 54

Profile sign

Question 55

Pressure wave created by each heartbeat, palpable at body sites where the artery lies close to the skin and over a bone

Answer 55

Pulse

Question 56

Regular rhythm, but force of pulse varies with alternating beats of large and small amplitude

Answer 56

Pulsus alternans

Question 57

Irregular rhythm; every other beat is premature; premature beats have weakened amplitude

Answer 57

Pulsus bigeminus

Question 58

Inflammation of the vein associated with thrombus formation

Answer 58

Thrombophlebitis

Question 59

Open skin lesion extending into dermis, with sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue

Answer 59

Ulcer

Question 60

Dilated tortuous veins with incompetent valves

Answer 60

Varicose veins

Question 61

Beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration, stronger with expiration

Answer 61

Pulsus paradoxus