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Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Electron dot diagram

A

Show valence electrons in atoms, a diagram of an atom

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2
Q

Ion

A

A positively or negatively charged atom

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3
Q

Anion

A

An ion with a negative charge

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4
Q

Cation

A

An ion with a positive charge

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5
Q

Chemical bonds

A

The force that holds atoms or ions together as a unit

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6
Q

Ionic bonds

A

The force that holds cation and anion together, bond together

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7
Q

Chemical formula

A

Notation that shows what a compound contains Ex. NaCl=salt

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8
Q

Crystals

A

Solids whose particles are arranged in a lattice structure

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9
Q

Covalent bond

A

A chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of valence electrons

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10
Q

Molecules

A

A neutral group of atoms that are joined together by one or more covalent bonds

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11
Q

Polar covalent bond

A

A covalently bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge and act as a unit

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12
Q

Polyatomic bond

A

A covalently bonded group of atoms with a positive and negative charge

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13
Q

Metallic bond

A

The attraction between metal cation and the shared electrons that surrounds it

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14
Q

Alloy

A

A mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, that has the characteristics properties

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15
Q

Periodic table

A

An arrangement of elements in columns, based on set of properties that repeat from row to row

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16
Q

Period

A

A row in a periodic table of elements

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17
Q

Group

A

A column of elements in a periodic table, horizontal rows on periodic table

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18
Q

Periodic law

A

The pattern of repeating properties displayed by the elements in periodic table

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19
Q

Atomic mass unit (amu)

A

One twelfth the mass of a carbon 12 atom, the unit for atomic mass

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20
Q

Metals

A

Elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current, most of the elements in periodic table

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21
Q

Transition metals

A

Elements that form a bridge between elements on the left and right sides of the periodic table, elements in group 3-12 on the periodic table, greatest number of elements

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22
Q

Nonmetals

A

Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current, elements in the far upper corner, solids, liquids, gases at room temp

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23
Q

Metalloids

A

Elements with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals, elements that touch the zigzag line, semiconductors

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24
Q

Valence electrons

A

An electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an atom, the number on the outside of the shell

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25
Alkali metals
The elements in group 1A of the periodic table not including hydrogen, most reactive metals
26
Alakaline earth metals
The elements in group 2A of the periodic table, also very reactive
27
Halogens
The elements in group 7A of the periodic table, most reactive nonmetals, elements in group 17 known as salt formers
28
Noble gas
The elements in group 8A of the periodic table, least reactive
29
Nucleus
Is a dense, positively charged mass located in the center of the atom
30
Proton
Is a positively charged subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom
31
Electron
Is a negatively charged subatomic particle that is found in he space outside of the nucleus
32
Atomic number
Is the number of protons in an atom, example atomic # 16 =16 protons
33
Mass number
The sum of the proteins and neutrons in the nucleus example 13 protons + 14 neutrons = mass number of 27
34
Isotopes
Are atoms of the same elements that have different numbers of neutrons and different mass number. Isotopes of an element can have the same atomic number but different mass numbers because they have a different number of neutrons
35
Energy levels
The possible energies that electrons in an atom can have. An electron in an atom can move from one energy level to another when the atom gains or loses energy.
36
Electron cloud
A visual model of the most likely locations of electrons around the nucleus.
37
Orbital
Is a region of space around the nucleus where an electron is likely to be found
38
Electron configuration
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom
39
Ground state
When all the electrons in an atom have the lowest possible energies
40
Scientific method
An organized plan for gathering organizing and communicating information
41
Hypothesis
A proposed answer to a question, educated guess
42
Manipulated (independent) variable
Variable that causes a change in another, what I will change
43
Responding (dependent) variable
Variables that cause change in another, what will I measure
44
Direct relationship
A relationship between 2 #'s or other variables where an increase or decrease in 1 variable causes the same change to occur in the second variable, something that comes in control face to face
45
Indirect relationship
The relationship between 2 variables which moves to opposite directions, increases the other decreases
46
Meter
Fundamental unit length in he meteoric system
47
Volume
The amount of space that a substance or object occupies
48
Liter
Metric unit of capacity , used to measure liquid
49
Celsius
The scale temp, in which water freezes at zero and boils at 100 under standard conditions
50
Mass
The amount of matter in an object
51
Gram
Metric unit of mass or weight equals to 15.432 grains, used in the metric system and 1000g is equal to 1 kg
52
Density
The degree of compactness of a substance, how close particles are compacted
53
Reactants
A substance that undergoes change in a chemical reaction, first one inputs, chemicals that change
54
Products
New substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction, second one outputs, chemical that result from change
55
Chemical equation
A representation of a chemical reaction in which the reactants and products are expressed as formulas, chemical reaction and reactors are expressed, representation of a chemical reaction
56
Coefficients
Numbers that appear before a formula in a chemical equation to show the relative proportions of each reactant and product, big number in front of the formula, number in front of a chemical formula
57
Mole
An amount of substance that contains approximately 6.02 x 10.23 particles of the substance, 620,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
58
Molar mass
The mass of one mole of a substance, mass of 1 mole
59
Synthesis reaction
A chemical reaction in which two or more substances react to form a single substance, 2 substances form 1
60
Decomposition reaction
A chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substance, it breaks down 2 or more substances
61
Single replacement reaction
A chemical reaction in which one element takes the place of another element in a compound, 1 element breaks up with an element and goes to another compound
62
Double replacement reaction
A chemical reaction in which two compounds exchange positive ions and form two new compounds, switch compounds with another compound
63
Combustion reaction
A chemical reaction in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen, often producing heat and light, substance reacts with oxygen
64
Oxidation reduction reaction
A chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to another, transfer electrons
65
Chemical energy
The energy stored in the chemical bond within a substance
66
Exothermic reaction
A chemical reaction that releases energy to its surroundings
67
Endothermic reaction
A chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings
68
Reaction rate
The rate at which reactants change into products over time
69
Catalysts
A substance that affects the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction

Science (22 decks)

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