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Anatomy & Physiology Module 1 > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

amphiarthroses

A

slightly moveable joints between two body surfaces connected by cartilage

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2
Q

anatomic postion

A

reference body stance

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3
Q

anterior

A

toward the front

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4
Q

antibodies

A

proteins produced by immune cells that bind to specific antigens; also called immunoglobulins

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5
Q

articular cartilage

A

layer of hyaline cartilage covering the bone surfaces of synovial joints

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6
Q

articulate

A

to form a connection or junction between two or more bones

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7
Q

auditory ossicles

A

three very small bones (malleus, incus, stapes) found in the middle ear space, transmit sound from outer ear to inner ear

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8
Q

avascular

A

tissue with little/no blood supply

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9
Q

avulsion

A

ripping or tearing away of one tissue from another

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10
Q

avulsion fracture

A

fracture caused indirectly by the pull of a ligament or tendon

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11
Q

bone seportion

A

removal of bone tissue via the action of osteoclasts

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12
Q

callus

A

repair tissue that forms at a bone fracture site that transitions from a meshwork of fibrin and collagen to bone

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13
Q

cartilage

A

smooth, shiny, and resilient fibrous connective tissue that absorbs shock; at movable joints, it enhances movement by reducing friction. Mature cartilage has little/no blood supply

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14
Q

caudal

A

inferior

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15
Q

chondroblasts

A

cartilage-producing cells; immature cartilage cells

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16
Q

collagen fibers

A

most abundant fibers in connective tissues; composed of a stacked arrangement of collagen protein molecules; abundant in bone, cartilage, and fibrous connective tissues (tendons & ligaments)

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17
Q

coronal

A

anatomic plane that divides the body into front and back sections

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18
Q

diaphysis

A

middle part (shaft) of a long bone between the epiphyses

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19
Q

diarthroses

A

hinge-type joints that allow free movement of the two connected bones

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20
Q

endosteum

A

membrane lining of the internal (medullary) cavity of a bone

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21
Q

enzyme

A

protein that enables and catalyzes a specific chemical reaction in living systems

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22
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

cartilage region between the epiphysis and shaft of a long bone; its expansion underlies longitudinal growth of the bone; also called the growth plate

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23
Q

epiphysis

A

expanded end portion of a long bone

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24
Q

facet

A

small, smooth articulation surface on a bone (lateral and medial facets of the patella which articulate with the Lat ant condole and Med ant condole of the femur respectively:

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25
Q

fossa

A

surface depression

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26
Q

fibroblasts

A

collagen-producing cells of fibrous connective tissue

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27
Q

fibrocartilage

A

cartilage containing a relatively high collagen fiber content; it is relatively compressible and resistant to stretch

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28
Q

force

A

action that alters the state of rest or motion

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29
Q

growth factors

A

substances that promote bone growth and remodeling during development and fracture repair; produced by cells found primarily in bone, fibrous connective tissue, and blood vessels

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30
Q

hematoma

A

mass of clotted blood that forms at an injury site following disruption of blood vessels

31
Q

hematopoiesis

A

process of forming the blood cells of the body

32
Q

hormones

A

organic molecules released into the blood that act as chemical messengers to regulate specific body functions

33
Q

hyaline

A

most abundant cartilage type in the body; semitransparent and somewhat stiff, it provides firm support

34
Q

hydroxypatite

A

mineral part of bone composed of hard, calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide crystals that form on collagen fibers in bone matrix

35
Q

hyoid bone

A

U-shaped bone in the net that supports the root of the tongue…it is not articulated by any other bone but is supported by the next muscles

36
Q

inferior

A

positioned away from the head, toward the feet

37
Q

insertion

A

distal attachment point of a muscle; opposite of origin

38
Q

joint stability

A

structural integrity of a joint and the degree to which it resists exceeding its normal range of motion

39
Q

kinematics

A

description of body movement without considering forces that caused the movement

40
Q

ligaments

A

fibrous connective tissue bands that span joints, adhering to articular ends of bones; they limit the degree of movement and contribute to joint stability

41
Q

lipids

A

fat

42
Q

load

A

force applied to an object

43
Q

matrix

A

material that fills the spaces between connective tissue cells, consisting primarily of fibrous proteins, proteoglycans, fluid, and other molecules

44
Q

metaphysis

A

portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis; it is continuous with the epiphysis in an adult

45
Q

minerals

A

inorganic substances that exhibit a crystalline strucutre and characteristic color and hardness; salts

46
Q

nociceptive

A

stimulating specific pain receptors by injury to a body tissue

47
Q

ossification

A

process of forming bone tissue

48
Q

origin

A

proximal attachment point of a muscle

49
Q

osteoblasts

A

bone-producing cells; immature bone cells

50
Q

osteoclasts

A

bone-removing cells

51
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells

52
Q

osteogenic cells

A

immature stem cells in bone that differentiate and become osteoblasts

53
Q

osteons

A

basic units of cortical bone, each consisting of a central canal and surrounding lamellae

54
Q

osteoid

A

component of bone matrix produced and secreted by osteoblasts; consists of a fluid containing primarily collagen fibers and proteoglycans

55
Q

periosteum

A

double-layered membrane covering the entire external bone except for the joint surfaces

56
Q

phagocyte

A

type of white blood cells that engulfs and digests debris or foreign substances to remove them from a tissue site

57
Q

posterior

A

toward the back of the body

58
Q

proprioceptive

A

stimulating specific receptors within muscles, tendons, and joint capsules that provide information on body movements

59
Q

proteoglycans

A

molecules found in connective tissues, consisting of a core protein surrounded by polysaccharides; the higher the polysaccharide content, the more gelatinous the tissue

60
Q

range of motion

A

amount of normal rotational movement allowed in each plane for a given joint; typically expressed in degrees, relative to a zero point

61
Q

receptors

A

peripheral nerve endings of sensory neurons specialized to detect and respond to specific stimuli

62
Q

sacrum

A

wedge-shaped bone formed by the fusion of the five sacral vertebrae

63
Q

subchondral bone

A

bone directly beneath and cartilaginous surface; usually referring to the bone beneath the articular cartilage

64
Q

superior

A

positioned toward the heady away from the feet

65
Q

suture

A

immovable fibrous joint; characteristic of most skull joints

66
Q

synarthroses

A

immovable joints made by fibrous or cartilage connective tissue

67
Q

synovial joints

A

freely movable joints characterized by the presence of a joint cavity and articular capsule

68
Q

tendons

A

dense fibrous connective tissue cords that connect skeletal muscles to bone; typically extend from each end of the muscle to the bone surface; where they fuse with the periosteum

69
Q

tendon sheath

A

specialied fluid filled sacs (bursae) that surround tends subjected to friction

70
Q

torque

A

force acting about an axis of rotation

71
Q

trabeculae

A

small spikes or plates of bone that collectively form the infrastructure of cancellous bone; the lines seen in trabeculae show stress patterns

72
Q

valgus

A

angular deformity of the limb..AWAY from the midline “knock-kneed”

73
Q

varus

A

angular deformity of the limb….TOWARDS the midline “bow-legged”

74
Q

vascular

A

rich blood supply

Anatomy & Physiology Module 1 (2 decks)

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