Vocab 4 Flashcards
A certain rules that govern how votes are cast, counted, and translated into seats in a legislature
Electoral System
The people a politician represents
Constituencies
An electoral district with one seat
Single-member District
An electoral district with more than one seat
Multimember districts
An electoral system in which individual candidates compete in single-member districts; voters choose between candidates, and the candidate with the largest share of the votes wins the seat.
First past the post systems
A national vote called by a government to address a specific proposal, often a change to the Constitution
Referenda
An electoral system in which political parties compete in multi-member districts; voters choose between the parties, and the seats in a district are awarded proportionally according to the results of the race
Proportional representation system
An electoral system that uses a combination of single-member districts and proportional representation
Mixed electoral systems
All candidates from the available parties are gathered on a ballot and voters are allowed to choose one group of candidates
Transferable voting system
Voters can effectively only vote for political parties as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected
Closed list system
Any variant of party-list proportional representation or voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party’s candidates are elected
Open list system
The process by which organizations and procedures acquire value and stability and regards it as equivalent to political development
Party institutionalization
The basic values held by an individual about the fundamental goals of politics or the ideals balance of freedom and equality
Political ideology
Those with a political attitude that is skeptical of change and supports the current order
Conservatism
Those with a political attitude that favors evolutionary change and who believe that existing institutions can be instruments of positive change
Liberalism
A political - economic system in which freedom and equality are balanced through the state’s management of the economy and the provision of social expidentures. Sometimes there is no difference, to be honest - depends on the country
Socialism
A political-economic system in which all wealth and property are shared so as to eliminate exploitation, oppression, and ultimately, the need for political institutions such as the state
Communism
A political- economic system in which national economic power is Paramount in the domestic economy is viewed as an instrument that exists primarily to serve the needs of the state
Mercantilism
A system in which multiple groups compete for power and influence
Pluralism
A democratic and economic theory that involves strong labor unions, employers associations and governments that cooperate as “social partners” to negotiate and manage the economy
Neo- corporatism
Individual rights regarding equality that are created by the Constitution and the political regime
Civil rights
Individual rights regarding freedom that are created by the Constitution in the political regime, such as free religion, press, and speech
Civil liberties
Judicial review that allows the constitutional Court to rule on questions that do not arise from actual legal disputes
Abstract review
Judicial review that allows the constitutional Court to rule on the basic of actual legal disputes brought before it
Concrete review
The process by which a state becomes a democratic regime
Democratization
A form of democracy that elects leaders to represent the people
republicanism
A political system in which political power is exercised either directly or indirectly by the people
democracy
Organizations that represent people in a variety of causes within a pluralist society
Special interest groups
