vocab 3

Question 1

A measure of variability derived by calculating the difference between the individual raw scores and the mean (ignoring + or - sign), adding up those difference scores, and then dividing by the number scores. It is the average of all difference scores from the mean. It is the average that all raw scores deviate from the mean.

Answer 1

average deviation

Question 2

An indication of how much variance is shared by the x- and the y- variables.

Answer 2

Coefficient of Determination:

Question 3

: A scale used to measure a continuous variable.

Answer 3

Continuous Scale

Question 4

A number that provides us with an index of the strength of the
relationship between two things.

Answer 4

Correlation Coefficient:

Question 5

: Expression of the degree and direction of correspondence between two
things.

Answer 5

Correlation

Question 6

An “eyeball gauge” of how curved a graph is.

Answer 6

Curvilinearity:

Question 7

Scale used to measure a Discrete Variable

Answer 7

Discrete Scale:

Question 8

A set of raw scores arrayed for studying or viewing.

Answer 8

Distribution:

Question 9

A statistic used to express the strength of the relationship or the magnitude of the differences in data; in a meta-analysis, this statistic is typically a correlation
coefficient.

Answer 9

Effect Size:

Question 10

The collective influence of all the factors on a test score or measurement beyond
those specifically measured by the test or measurement.

Answer 10

Error:

Question 11

A professional practice that is based on clinical and research
findings.

Answer 11

Evidence Based Practice:

Question 12

All scores are listed alongside the number of times each score
occurred, may be a table or a graph.

Answer 12

. Frequency Distribution:

Question 13

Data expressed by a continuous line connecting the points where test
scores or intervals (x) meet frequencies (y).

Answer 13

Frequency Polygon:

Question 14

Test score intervals replace the actual test scores.

Answer 14

Grouped Frequency Distribution:

Question 15

Graph

Answer 15

Histogram:

Question 16

The distance between Q1 and Q3

Answer 16

Interquartile Range:

Question 17

Have features of both Nominal and Ordinal scales, but also contain equal
intervals between numbers.

Answer 17

Interval Scales:

Question 18

The steepness of a distribution at its center.

Answer 18

. Kurtosis:

Question 19

One that retains a direct numerical relationship to the original raw
score.

Answer 19

Linear Transformation:

Question 20

A statistic that indicates the average or midmost score

between the extreme scores in a distribution.

Answer 20

Measure of Central Tendency:

Question 21

The act of assigning numbers or symbols to characteristics of things.

Answer 21

Measurement:

Question 22

These include the range, the interquartile range, the semi-

interquartile range, the average deviation, the standard deviation, and the variance.

Answer 22

Measures of Variability:

Question 23

A family of techniques used to statistically combine information across
studies to produce single estimates of the data under study

Answer 23

Meta-Analysis:

Question 24

When relatively few scores fall at the low end of the distribution.

Answer 24

Negative Distribution:

Question 25

The simplest form of measurement, involves classification or categorization based on one or more distinguishing characteristics.

Answer 25

Nominal Scales

Question 26

May be required when data under consideration are not normally distributed yet comparisons with normal distributions need to be made.

Answer 26

Nonlinear Transformation:

Question 27

Stretching the skewed curve into the shape of a normal curve and creating a corresponding scale of standard scores (Normalized Standard Score Scale).

Answer 27

Normalizing a Distribution:

Question 28

Have the same features as Nominal scales, but also permits rank ordering on some characteristics.

Answer 28

Ordinal Scales:

Question 29

Relatively flat

Answer 29

Platykurtic

Question 30

Somewhere in the middle

Answer 30

Mesokurtic

Question 31

Relatively peaked

Answer 31

Leptokurtic

Question 32

When relatively few scores fall at the high end of the distribution.

Answer 32

Positive Skew:

Question 33

In addition to the features in the three pervious scales, _______ also
have a true point zero.

Answer 33

Ratio Scales:

Question 34

An unmodified accounting of performance, usually a number.

Answer 34

Raw Score:

Question 35

The set of numbers or symbols whose properties model empirical properties of the
objects to which the numbers are assigned.

Answer 35

Scale:

Question 36

The interquartile range divided by 2

Answer 36

Semi-Interquartile Range:

Question 37

The nature and extent to which symmetry is absent.

Answer 37

Skewness:

Question 38

An index of correlation that may be the statistic of choice when the
sample size is small and both sets of measurements are ordinal.

Answer 38

Spearman’s Rho:

Question 39

A measure of variability equal to the square root of the averaged
squared deviations about the mean: a measure of variability equal to the square root of
the variance.

Answer 39

Standard Deviation:

Question 40

: Raw score that has been converted from one scale to another.

Answer 40

Standard Score

Question 41

Named for Thorndike, a standard score calculated using a scale with a mean set
at 50 and a standard deviation set at 10, used by the developers of the MMPI.

Answer 41

T-Score:

Question 42

An indication of how scores in a distribution are scattered or dispersed.

Answer 42

Variability:

Question 43

The arithmetic mean of the squares of the difference between the scores in a
distribution and their mean.

Answer 43

Variance:

Question 44

A standard score derived by calculating the difference between a particular raw
score and the mean and then dividing by the standard deviation; a ______ expresses a score in terms of standard deviation units that the raw score is below or above the mean of the distribution. A ______ is a standard deviation scale with a mean of zero and a standard deviation of 1.

Answer 44

Z-Score: