Vocab Flashcards
Use of comparison to draw a general conclusion. The concussion drawn is strong in relation to the number of likeness between the things compared.
Analogy
In a debate, the side that favors (affirms) changing the status quo to conform to the debate resolution
Affirmative
The process of breaking down an idea or a proposition into its elements. Follows a standard process of seeking pro and con positions on stock issues.
Analysis
2 senses of this term are important to debaters. In the first sense, an argument is a message consisting of a conclusion supported by a reason documented by evidence. The emphasis is on a credible proof and logical structure. In the second sense an argument is a confrontation between two parties in disagreement over a claim. The emphasis is on the refutation.
Argument
An unsupported statement, a conclusion that lacks evidence for support.
Assertion
A prejudice attitude on the part of the source of evidence quoted in a debate.
Bias
A prepared statement of arguments relating to a single point
Block
An outline of all the arguments on both sides of the debate resolution- an affirmative brief or a negative brief consists of all the arguments on the respective side of the resolution
Brief
The affirmative obligation to present a prima facile case supporting the debate resolution
Burden of proof
A debate team’s basic position on the resolution, made up of all the arguments that the team presents in support of that position.
Case
A relationship between 2 phenomena in which one in believed to cause the other
Causation
The process of meeting and dealing directly with an argument of the opposition. Dealing with an argument implies denial or minimization, but not agreement with it.
Clash
A constrictive argument is one offered in support of, or in opposition to, the resolution. A constructive speech is a time period in which it is permissible to present constructive (new) arguments.
Constructive
A subdivision of an issue, an argument essential to support a position on an issue. Contentions may consist of either observations or indictments.
Contentions
The believability of a statement or its source.
Credibility
A standard of measurement based on an underlying social value.
Criterion
A specified time in the debate when competitors are allowed to ask questions to clarify or point out possible areas for arguments
Cross examination
A contest of argumentation
Debate
A reason process that takes general statements or premises and draws a conclusion about particular or specific elements.
Deduction
A forced choice of one of only two possible alternative, either of which would be undesirable
Dilemma
A misrepresentation of a piece of evidence
Distortion
To neglect to carry on an argument, in future speeches, after an opponents response.
Drop
Scientifically controlled experiments, usually expression in a statistical form.
Empirical studies
Data that form the basis for conclusions
Evidence
Single objects or events used to illustrate and show the possibility of generalized categories of similar groups of examples; a type of factual evidence.
Example
An authority; one whose experience, training or position and study makes his or her testimony acceptable as evidence.
Expert
To carry an argument another step forward in rebuttal; to answer the opponents challenge and advance beyond it.
Extend
Actual, observable objects or events I the real world; used as evidence in debate, these facts usually fall into these types: (a) examples, (b) statics, (c) empirical studies
Fact
A mistaken infrequency; an erroneous conclusion based on faulty reasoning
Fallacy
A general objective; an aim
Goal
An undesirable impact resulting from the operation of policy system. The impact may be stated in terms of deprivation or injury to the party affected by the policy
Harm
A question concerning which the affirmative and negative teams take opposite sides; a major point of disagreement
Issue
To fulfill the standards of judgement
Justification
The system of analysis that shows the nature of relationships between statements, between facts and conclusion, causes and effects, and deductions from premises.
Logic
In debate the side that opposes (negates) the affirmative position and therefore the resolution
Negative
An affirmative case construction, in which the affirmative using a systems analysis approach that change is inevitable, presents a proposal to direct that change and expects the negative to proposal to direct that change and expects the negative to propose its own policy system.
Net benefits
The specific program proposed by the affirmative team to implement the debate resolution
Plan
A means of achieving a goal, an action
Policy
Values that reflect judgment as what is expedient, that is, what should or should not be done for the common good
Political values
The assumption that conditions and polices should remain as they are
Presumption
Latin for “at first look”
Prima facile
The relative degree of certainty with which an may be drawn – in statistical language that level of confidence that may be placed in a conclusion expressed as a percentage.
Probability
That which reduces uncertainty and increase the probability of the truth of the claim
Proof
A debatable statement, open to interpretation, a statement about which reasonable people may accept arguments on either sides
Proposition
A philosophical framework within which a case is constructed or the criteria for accepting a premise or conclusion
Rational
A sort speech devoted to (1) rebuilding arguments that have been attacked (2) refuting opposing arguments, and (3) summarizing the debate from the perspective of the speaker
Reasoning
The process of attacking and and destroying opposing arguments
Refutation
A proposition stated in the form of a motion before a legislative assembly.
Resolution
The degree of importance of a conclusion
Significance
Descriptive or experimental data, often used in drawing mathematical inferences
Statistics
A series of broad question encompassing the major debatable issues of any proposition of a policy-for example is there a need for change? Will the plan meet the need? Is the plan the most desirable way to meet the need?
Stock issues
The state of conformity to the intent of the debate resolution
Topicality
