Vocab

Question 0

Homozygous

Answer 0

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Question 1

Heterozygous

Answer 1

Having two alleles for a particular gene.

Question 2

Hybridization

Answer 2

Breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

One of a number of different forms of a gene

Question 5

Incomplete dominance

Answer 5

Situation in which 1 allele is not completely dominate over another allele

Question 6

Codominance

Answer 6

Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed

Question 7

Polygenic trait

Answer 7

Trait controlled by 2 or more genes

Question 8

Translation

Answer 8

Process by which the sequence of bases of an mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein

Question 9

Transformation

Answer 9

Process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria

Question 10

Codon

Answer 10

A group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protein

Question 11

Anitcodon

Answer 11

A group of three based on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to the three bases if a codon of mRNA

Question 12

Mutation

Answer 12

Change in the genetic material of a cell

Question 13

Mondisjunction

Answer 13

Error in meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly

Question 14

Inbreeding

Answer 14

Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the derived characteristics of a kind of organism

Question 15

Genetic Equilibrium

Answer 15

Situation in which allele frequencies in a population remain the same

Question 16

Evolution

Answer 16

Change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

Question 17

Gene Pool

Answer 17

All the gene, including all the different alleles for each gene, that are present in a population

Question 18

Speciation

Answer 18

Formation of a new species

Question 19

Taxon

Answer 19

Group or level of organization into which organisms are classified

Question 20

Diploid

Answer 20

Term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 21

Haploid

Answer 21

Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes

Question 22

Convergent Evolution

Answer 22

Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments

Question 23

Natural Selection

Answer 23

Process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully

Question 24

Selective Breeding

Answer 24

Method of breeding that allows only those organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation

Question 25

Genetic Engineering

Answer 25

The direct manipulation of an organisms genome using biotechnology

Question 26

Artificial Selection

Answer 26

Selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring

Question 27

Half Life

Answer 27

Length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay

Question 28

Coevolution

Answer 28

Process by which two species evolve in response to changed in each other over time