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Instrumental Analysis > Vocab 2 > Flashcards

Vocab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Provide simultaneous detection of all the dispersed radiation at the same time in the focal plane of the detector

A

Multichannel Detectors

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2
Q

The ability of a detector to convert radiation to an electrical signal

A

Responsivity

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3
Q

Ratio of electrical output (V) to incident radiant power (W)

A

Responsivity

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4
Q

Radiant energy generates current at interface of a semiconductor and a metal

A

Photovoltaic cells

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5
Q

Incident radiation causes emission of electrons from photosensitive cathode surface

A

Phototubes

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6
Q

Several electrodes separating cathodes and anodes

A

Dynodes

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7
Q

Reverse biased p-n junction formed on SI chip causes holes in depletion layer

A

Si photodiode

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8
Q

Made of semiconductors, acts as light dependent resister

A

Photoconductivity Detectors

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9
Q

Gas heated in enclosed Golay cell cause reaction in thin membrane

A

Pneumatic cell

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10
Q

Detects changes in temp at junction between two dissimilar metals

A

Thermocouples

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11
Q

Resistance thermometer made of semiconductors

A

Bolometer

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12
Q

Insulator with special thermal and electric properties

A

Pyroelectric

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13
Q

Arrays of Si photodiodes placed in integrated circuits

A

Photodiode array detectors

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14
Q

2D array of Si photodiodes

A

Vidicon

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15
Q

Photons strike MOS on P type Si capacitor

A

Charge couple devices

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16
Q

Photons strike Si which generates positive charge

A

Charge injection devices

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17
Q

Energy decay from excited to ground state

A

Damped oscillating dipole function

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18
Q

Lifetime of decay expressed by

A

Classical damping constant (γ)

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19
Q

τ

A

Excited state lifetime

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20
Q

Fourier transformation of an exponentially decreasing amplitude function gives

A

Lorentzian frequency distribution

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21
Q

One cannot measure exactly both the momentum and position of the electron

A

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

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22
Q

The product of the uncertainty in the energy of a state and the uncertainty in the lifetime of that state is approximately = h/2π

A

2nd Heisenberg uncertainty principle

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23
Q

The apparent shift in wavelength of the signal from a source that is moving towards or away from the observer

A

Doppler effect

24
Q

Convolution of lorentzian and Gaussian

A

Voigt profile

25
Q

Linear combo of Gaussian and lorentzian profiles

A

Pseudo-voigt sum functions

26
Q

Product of Gaussian and lorentzian profiles

A

Pseudo-voigt product functions

27
Q

Strength of signal level relative to the strength of noise level

A

Signal to noise ratio

28
Q

Lowest [analyte] in sample that can be detected but not necessarily quantified

A

Limit of detection

29
Q

Lowest [analyte] in sample that can be determined with acceptable precision and accuracy

A

Limit of quantitation

30
Q

Magnitude and frequency of experimental noise

A

Noise power spectrum

31
Q

Caused when a finite number of energy carrying particles in an optical device or electrons in electrical circuit; small enough to cause detectable statistical fluctuations

A

Shot noise

32
Q

Four main types of analog S/N enhancement

A

Grounding, difference and instrumentation amplifiers, analog filtering, modulation

33
Q

Shielding electrical cables reduces environmental noise

A

Grounding

34
Q

Compares reference versus sample terminal. Difference between reference and sample signal is amplified

A

Difference and instrumentation amplifiers

35
Q

Removes high v components, reduces effects of drift and low V noise components

A

Analog filters

36
Q

Alters some property of carrier wave by a signal so wave encodes signal info

A

Modulation

37
Q

Electronic amplifier detects particular AC frequency signal

A

Lock in amplifier

38
Q

Series of discrete, equally spaced windows

A

Boxcars

39
Q

What can spectral derivatives do?

A

Enhance resolution; reduce background; discriminate against broad bands; reduce scattering; suppress matrix effects

40
Q

Fraction of radiant power transmitted through cell

A

Transmittance (T)

41
Q

Optical absorbency is linearly dependent on the solution concentration of the absorbing species

A

Beers law

42
Q

Radiation scattered outside the normal range of the wavelength selector, and which is passed through monochromater

A

Stray light

43
Q

The re-emission of radiation at longer wavelengths than the wavelength of initial absorption

A

Fluorescence

44
Q

Determination of relationship between analyte concentration and analytical response

A

Calibration

45
Q

Use of chemical reference materials that provide known comparison between concentration and response for calibration purposes

A

Standardization

46
Q

Reproducibility of results, numerical agreement between replicate measurements

A

Precision

47
Q

Measure of how close results of analytical measurements come to true value

A

Accuracy

48
Q

Environment in which your analytical sample exists

A

Matrix

49
Q

Substance that is added in a known constant amount to all samples, blanks, and calibration standards in an analyte

A

Internal standard

50
Q

Absolute systematic error, relative systematic error

A

Bias

51
Q

Blank plus three times standard deviation of blank

A

Detection limit

52
Q

Ability to discriminate between small differences in concentration

A

Sensitivity

53
Q

Factors limiting sensitivity

A

Slope and precision

54
Q

Quantitative definition of sensitivity; slope of calibration curve at concentration range of interest

A

Calibration sensitivity

55
Q

Concentration that gives a signal significantly different from the background. Lowest concentration where you can reliably distinguish signal from blank

A

Limit of detection (LOD)

56
Q

Concentration of analyte at which calibration curve departs from linearity by a specified amount

A

Limit of Linearity (LOL)

57
Q

Useful range of analytical method, extending from LOQ to LOL

A

Dynamic range

Instrumental Analysis (45 decks)

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