vocab Flashcards
agriculture density
total numbers of farmers per unit of arable land
antanatlist
describing attitudes or policies that discourage child bearing as a means of population growth
arithmetic density
the total number of people per unit of arable land; also called crude density
asylum
a visible object or technology that a culture creates.
brain drain
the loss of trained or educated people to the lure of work in another -often richer country.
carrying capacity
the maximum population size an environment can sustain.
chain migration
a type of migration in which migrant people move to a location because others moved from their community have previously migrated there
circular migration
migration pattern in which migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and their destination country where they work temporary jobs.
crude birth rate
the number of births in a given year 1,000 people in a given population
crude death rate
the number of death in a given year per 1000 people in a given population
demographic transition model
a model that represents shifts in growth of world population, based on population trends related to birth rte and death rate
dependency ratio
the number of people in a dependent age group (underage 15 or age 65 and older) divided by the number of people in the working group ( ages 15-64) multiplied by 100
distance decay
principle stating that the further away one thing is from another, the less interaction the two will have
doubling time
the number in years in which a population growing at a certain rate would double
emegration
movement away from a location
forced migration
type of migration in which people are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental or cultural factors
epidemiological transition model
a model that describes changes in fertility, morality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as the result of changes in cause of death
friction of distance
a concept that states the longer the journey is the more time, effort it will cost
gravity model
a model that predicts the interaction between 2 or more places: geographers derived the model from Newton’s law of universal gravitation
guest workers
a migrant who travels to a new country as temporary labor
human trafficking
defined by the united nations as the recruitment, transportation, harboring or receiving a persons by improper means (such as force, abduction, fraud, or coercion)
immigration
movement to a location
human migration
the permanent movement of people from one place to another
interregional migration
movement within a countries borders
interregional migration
movement from one region of s country to another
infant mortality rate
the number of deaths of children under 1 per 1000 live births
internally displaced persons
a person who has been forced to flee his or her home but remains with the countries borders
intervening obstacle
an occurrence that holds migrants back
intervening opportunity
an occurrence that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice
intraregional migration
movement within one region of a country
life expectancy
the average number of years a person is suppose to live
Neo-Maltusian
describes the theory related to the idea that population growth is unstable and that the future population cannot be supported by earth’s resources
physiological density
the total number of people per unit of arable land
pronatalist
describing attitudes or policies that encourage child bearing as a means of spurring population growth
refugees
a person who is forced to leave his or her country for fear of persecution or death
net migration
the difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants in a location, such as city or country
population density
the number of people occupying a land
population distribution
where people live in a geographic area
population pyramid
a graph that shows the age-sex distribution of a given population
relocation diffusion
the spread of culture traits through the movement of people
pull factor
a positive cause that attracts someone to s new location
push factor
a negative cause that compels someone to leave a location
rate of natural increase (RNI)
rate at which a population grows as the result of the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate
quotas
limit of the number of immigrants allowed into the country each year
remittances
money earned by an emigrant abroad and sent back to his or her country
sex ratio
the proportion of males and females in a population
step migration
sees of smaller moves to get the ultimate destination
total fertility rate (TFR)
the average number of children one women in a given country or region will have during her childbearing years
voluntary migration
type of migration in which people make the choice to move to a new place
transnational migration
international migration in which people retain strong cultural, emotional, and financials with their countries of origin
4 most populated regions in the world
south asia
east asia
Europe
Southeast Asia.
Types of density and why each is important
population density
arithmetic density (crude density)
psychological density
agriculture density
Push factors and examples (economic, cultural, religious, political, agricultural)
push factors: conflict,appresive government ( Ex. gang violence,hurricane damage,and migrants left RWanda in 1994 because of estimated one million were dead)
pull factors and examples (economic, cultural, religious, political, agricultural)
pull factors:peace,greater freedom,from government oversight (ex. a steady government,safe neighborhoods, and plentiful job opportunities.)
Conditions that decrease/increase TFR
A country’s TFR can be impacted by government policies, war or conflict,increased urbanization,economic stability or instability,higher level of education among women,higher rates of women participating in the labor force, and the influence of cultur
Ways to increase life expectancy
core countries-more than 80 years old
peripheral countries - 50 years
ways to increase:be a wealthy country,having access to…….. health care, clean water,adequate food,and shelter.
Population growth throughout history (when and why did it spike)
industrial revolution in the 1800s this happened because of urbanization (growth and development of cities)
medical revolution in the early 20th centuries, this is because they created vaccines for diseases such as penicillin ,smallpox,malaria, and TB reaction. This helped because less people were dying from this disease now.
Examples that increase/decrease CBR
peripheral countries have much higher rates than core
lowest CBR is in europe
highest CBR is in africa
having a high migration of men causes low CBR rate
Thomas Malthus Theory (those who support and critics)
malthusians are for the theory but neo malthusians do not support the theory.
unaware of today’s contraceptive method that has slowed population growth.
technological advances have increased the food supply.
Demographic Transition ( a model that describe population change over time and place countries in different stages of population growth. (EVERYTHING)
stage 1: low growth (birth and death rates are high; low population size)
stage 2:high growth (birth rates are high death rates fall; population grows)
stage 3:moderate growth (birth rates decrease; death rates are low;population growth slows
stage 4:low growth (low birth and death rate;constant population zero growth)
stage 5:declining population (low birth and death rate; decreasing population)
Pronatalist/Antinatalist policies and examples
antinalists- designed to curb population growth by discouraging citizens from having children. the goal is to reduce the risk of potential famine or disease due to overuse of natural resources and to ensure that there are sufficient schools,jobs, and services to support the future population. Ex.china’s one child policy pronatalist - policies encourage births and aim to accelerate population growth. SOme experts
Epidemiologic Transition Model
describes changes in fertility,mortality,life expectancy,and population age distribution,largely as the result of changes in cause of death
Consequences of an aging population
there is a surge in healthcare cost also a decline in employment.
Pull Factors of Chinese Students (p 112)
Higher social status, better work opportunities, Patrotism, Family, cultural factors, reform in China
Push Factors of Chinese Students
Stress, lack of job security, violence and crime, racism, loneliness, no choice
Gravity Model explanation
geographers derived from the Newton law of universal gravitation to predict the interaction between two or more places. The model suggests that as the population of a city increases , migration to the city increases and the distance to a city grows the migration to that city decreases.
Examples of different types of migration
voluntary migration-people make the choice to move to a new place
forced migration-people are compelled to move by economic,political,environmental,or cultural factors.
transnational migration-immigrants move to a new country retain strong,culutral,emotional,and financial ties to there country of origin and may regularly return for visits
international migration-movement within a countries border
friction of distance-the longer the journey is,the more time and effort it will costs
chain migration-people move to a location because other people in their community have previously migrated there.
step migration- smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination
intervening obstacle-a occurrence that holds migrants back
intervening opportunities-an occurrence that cause migrant to pause there journey by choice
guest workers-migrants who travel to a new country as temporary laborers, like the mexican workers who participated in the bracero program.
circular migration- when migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they work temporary jobscircular migration- when migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they work temporary jobs
Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration
the economic conditions push and pull people in predictable directions
Look up Transhumance (random question…..just know the definition)
a form of migration practiced by nomads who move herds between pastures at cooler,higher elevations during the summer, and lower elevations during the winter.
