Vocab Flashcards
1
Q
Abdominal quadrants
A
4 divisions used to locate pain or injury
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
2
Q
Anatomícele position
A
Standard reference position for the body in study of anatomy
3
Q
Anterior
A
The front of the body or body part
4
Q
Distal
A
Farther away from the torso
5
Q
Dorsal
A
Back of the body or back of the hand/foot
Synonym for posterior
6
Q
Fowler position
A
Sitting position
7
Q
Inferior
A
Away from the head, usually compared with another structure that is closer to the head
8
Q
Lateral
A
To slide away from the midline of the body
9
Q
Medial
A
Toward the midline of the body
10
Q
Midaxillary line
A
A line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle
11
Q
Midclavicular line
A
The line through the center or each clavicle
12
Q
Physiology
A
The study of body function
13
Q
Posterior
A
The back of the body or body part
14
Q
Proximal
A
Closer to the torso
15
Q
Superior
A
Toward the head
16
Q
Supine
A
Lying on the back
17
Q
Ventral
A
Referring to the front of the body
Synonym for anterior
18
Q
Cardiac output
A
The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute
(Heart rate + stoke volume)
19
Q
Chemoreceptors
A
Chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
20
Q
Diaphoresis
A
Sweating, condition of cool, pale and moist /sweaty skin
21
Q
Edema
A
Swelling associated with the movement of water into interstitial space
22
Q
Hydrostatic pressure
A
Pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel
23
Q
Hypersensitivity
A
An exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance
24
Q
Hypoperfusion
A
Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients.
Also called shock
25
Minute volume
The amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute
26
Pathophysiology
The study of how disease processes affect the function of the body
27
Perfusion
The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the dells and tissues of the body
28
Plasma oncotic pressure
The pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of the blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream
29
Stretch receptors
Sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure
30
Stroke volume
The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction
31
Tidal volume
The amount of air moved in one cycle of breathing
32
Lateral recumbent or recovery position
Lying on the side
33
Inhalation process
Intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract —- diaphragm lowers and the ribs move upward and outward
34
Exhalation process
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax — ribs move downward and inward while the diaphragm rises
35
Vena cava
Super and inferior
Two large veins that return blood to the heart into the right atrium
36
Perfusion
The adequate supply of oxygen nutrients to the cells of the body with the removal of waste products
37
Pancreas
Produces insulin, regulates sugar in the bloodstream
38
Hypovolemic shock
(Hypovolemia)
Low blood volume - blood is lost from the cardiovascular system (severe bleeding)
Or blood lost from dehydration
39
Distributive shock
Blood vessel tone is lost - anaphylaxis or sepsis will dilate blood vessels and system pressure is reduced
Causing hypoperfusion
40
Cardiogenic shock
The heart fails in its ability to pump blood
Myocardial infarction or trauma can lead to dysrhythmia or damage to the heart muscle itself.
41
Obstructive shock
Blood physically prevented from flowing in conditions such as tension pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade, and pulmonary embolism. Blood prevented from reaching essential organs and vital organs
42
Decompensated shock
Commonly characterized by decreased blood pressure and altered mental status
43
Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction
Exaggerated immune response
44
Diaphoresis
(Sweating)
Pale skin that is cool and moist to the touch
45
Tachypnea
Rapid breathing
46
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar
Typically rapidly onset
Tachycardia and Diaphoresis often associated with low blood sugar
Too much insulin, failure to eat adequately, over exercising
47
Pulseless electrical activity
Most commonly indicates a mechanical failure with intact organized electrical function
48
Asystole
Complete fail of the electrical system
Flat lining
49
Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach)
Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
Electrical dysfunction caused chaotic and inappropriate electrical distribution through the heart
50
Sudden cardiac arrest
Abrupt onset of dysthymia like ventricular fibrillation or Tachycardia
51
Commotio cordis
Blunt trauma to the anterior chest leading to sudden cardiac arrest
52
Asphyxial cardiac arrest
The heart stopped pumping due to issues related to system hypoxia.
Respiratory problems and shock
53
Agonal breathing
(Gasping respirations)
Occur as primal reflex to the cardiac arrest state.
54
Apnea
The absence of breathing
55
SUIDS
Sudden Infant Death syndrome
Infant stopping breathing in sleep
56
Compression fractions
Measure the amount of time chest compressions we’re preformed compared with the total amount of time rescuers were on a scene
57
Monophastic defibrillator
Single shock
From negative to positive
58
Biphasic defibrillator
Send 2 shocks in opposite directions
59
Return or spontaneous circulation
(RSOC)
The heart begins to beat on its own again
60
Reticular activating system
(RAS)
Responsible for the functions of staying awake, paying attention and sleeping
61
Glucose
A form of sugar
The body’s basic source of energy
62
Diabetes mellitus
AKA sugar Diabetes
Results from an underproduction of insulin by the pancreas or from an inability of the body’s cells to use insulin properly
63
Hyperglycemia
High in blood sugar
Lack of sufficient insulin
Acetone breath
Leaves sugar in bloodstream rather than helping it into other cells
64
Aura
The sensation a patient has when a seizure is about to happen
65
Postictal phase
When convulsions stop after a seizure
66
Epilepsy
Condition that results in seizures
67
Status epileptius
2 or more seizures in a row without regaining full consciousness or has a single seizure lasting more than 10 minutes
68
Stroke
(CVA) cerebral vascular accident
The death or injury of brain tissue that is deprived of oxygen
69
syncope
Another term for fainting
70
Expressive aphasia
The difficulty using words
71
Vasovagel syncope
Sudden, temporary loss of consciousness caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain with return to consciousness almost immediately on becoming supine
72
Partial seizure
Affects only one part of the brain
May involve uncontrolled convulsion in a patient with fully alert mental status
Some patients may briefly lose consciousness with convulsions
73
Generalized seizure
Tonic-clinic
Affects the entire brain and the consciousness of the patient
74
Tonic phase
Body is rigid
May stop breathing
May lose control of bladder and bowel
75
Clonic phase
Body jerks violently for 1-2 mins
Patient may foam at the mouth
Face and lips may become cyanotic
76
Idiopathic
Unknown cause
77
Simple partial seizures
Tingling ,stiffening or jerking in 1 part of the body
78
Complex partial seizure
Psychomotor or temporal lobe seizure
Abnormal behavior that varies widely
May involve confusion, glassy state, aimless motion, lip smacking, or fidgeting
79
Absence (petit mal) seizure
Brief, 100 second temporary loss of concentration or awareness
May occur hundreds of time per day
Does not involve motor activity
80
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylactic shock
Severe allergic reaction
81
Urticaria
Hives
82
Virulence
The strength of the microbe in combating the body’s defense
83
Hypoxia
An absence of enough oxygen in the tissues to sustain bodily functions
84
Hypotension
Low blood pressure
85
Hypertension
High blood pressure
86
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
Temp lower then 96.8 F or 36 C
Temp higher then 101F or 38.3 C
Heart rate over 90
Respiratory rate heater then 20
Systolic blood pressure lower then 90
New onset altered mental status
87
Ischemic stroke
Stoke caused by a blockage
88
Hemorrhagic stroke
Stroke caused by bleeding into the brain
Long standing high blood pressure frequently the cause
89
Transient ischemic attack
“Mini stroke”
Typical stoke signs that resolve within a 25 hour treatment
90
Cardiac dysthymia
Dizziness and a rapid heart rate
91
Epinephrine effects
As a medication it constricts blood vessels and dilates respiratory passages
