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psych socio anthro > vocab > Flashcards

vocab Flashcards

0
Q

the study and the analysis of the social organization of living peoples

A

social anthropology

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1
Q

the study of cultures of living peoples

A

cultural anthropology

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2
Q

the study of the evolution of humankind, including the comparison of human genetic characteristics with those of apes, gorillas and chimpanzees

A

physical anthropology

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3
Q

beliefs and behaviours that are transmitted from generation to generation

A

culture

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4
Q

studies of the culture and traditions of distinct peoples

A

ethnographic studies

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5
Q

a true or fictional story that recounts supernatural events that are significant to members of a culture

A

myth

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6
Q

relationships among members of a social group that are based on members’ descent from common ancestors

A

kinship

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7
Q

the anthropological method of study where a researcher lives with a cultural group for an extended period of tine to obtain an insider’s understanding of the group

A

participant observation

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8
Q

the idea originated by bronisław malinowski that all institutions are designed and modified to meet the needs of the majority

A

functional theory

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9
Q

the now largely discounted belief of early anthropologists that all societies and cultures evolve through a series of predictable stages

A

cultural evolutionism

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10
Q

the belief of early anthropologists, now largely discounted, that civilization developed in a single place on earth and then spread to all others, sometimes in a deteriorated form

A

cultural diffusion

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11
Q

member of the mammal group with the most developed brains, such as human, ape, gorilla or chimpanzee

A

primate

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12
Q

the school of psychology founded by sigmund freud in which hypnosis and dream analysis is used to study a person’s unconscious mind

A

psychoanalysis

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13
Q

the school of psychology originating with John Watson and others that has as its goal the prediction and control of human behaviour

A

behavioural psychology

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14
Q

the branch of psychology that studies how people perceive and deal with their environments, as well as how they learn, remember and forget

A

cognitive psychology

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15
Q

term used by sigmund Freud for the part of our minds containing memories that we can recall

A

conscious mind

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16
Q

term used by sf for the part of our minds of which we are unaware but which Freud believed is responsible for most of our behaviour

A

unconscious mind

17
Q

technique originated by sf in which a subject matches a pair or words to enable a therapist to gain entry into the subject’s unconscious mind

A

free association

18
Q

term used by sigmund Freud for the pleasure seeking, often self destructive part of the unconscious mind

A

id

19
Q

term used by Freud for the part of the unconscious mind that encourages us to do good things; most closely linked to our sense of self

A

ego

20
Q

term used by Freud for the part of the unconscious mind that acts as a conscience, a referee between I’d and ego

A

superego

21
Q

the study and medical treatment of mental disorders

A

psychiatry

22
Q

system of therapy originated by Adler that focuses more on people’s conscious minds than their unconscious minds; he assumed that people are normally aware of the goals and values that motivate them

A

individual psychology

23
Q

term used by alfred adler for normal feelings of human inferiority that, in extreme circumstances, lead to the inability to function normally

A

inferiority complex

24
Q

the branch of psychology founded by carl jung that, in opposition to psychoanalysis, regards sexuality as only one of many factors influencing human behaviour

A

analytical psychology

25
Q

the term used by carl jung to describe an emotionally self-sufficient person who does not encourage a large number of close associations with others and who draws strength or energy from his or her inner life

A

introvert

26
Q

the term used by carl jung for a person who seeks a large number of close associations with others and who draws strength or energy from these associations

A

extrovert

27
Q

the branch of sociology that studies society as a whole and analyzes how the parts of society should work to achieve stability and well-being for all members

A

functionalist school

28
Q

the branch of sociology, or theory, based on the work of Karl Marx, that studies how humans compete for scarce resources; two of the key resources examined are power and control in society

A

conflict school

29
Q

the branch of sociology that focuses on the beliefs and actions of individuals and the meaning that individuals give to their beliefs and actions

A

symbolic interactionist school

30
Q

term originated by auguste comte for the study of forces that give a society stability, such as customs, institutions and laws

A

social statics

31
Q

term originated by auguste comte for the study of forces that result in a change within society such as war, revolution, economic growth and catastrophe

A

social dynamics

32
Q

the term originating in august comte’s work for the belief that society can only be understood by rigidly applying the scientific method of analysis

A

positivism

33
Q

as used by auguste comte, the belief that a society has a natural tendency to fins a balance between forces of change and forces of stability

A

equilibrium

34
Q

the term originated by émile durkheim for suicide that is caused by an individual’s not sharing any of the major values or goals of society

A

egoistic suicide

35
Q

term originated by éd for suicide that occurs when people knowingly enter an impossible situation and sacrifice their lives for another

A

altruistic suicide

36
Q

term originated by éd for suicide caused by an individual’s being overwhelmed by a sudden change in society

A

anomic suicide

37
Q

concept originated by karl marx for struggle between powerful and powerless groups in society

A

class conflict

38
Q

term used by km for the rich and powerful groups in society who own factories, land and machinery

A

bourgeoisie

39
Q

term used by km for the poor and powerless groups in society who survive by selling their labour

A

proletariat

40
Q

characteristics that can be observed in every human culture and society such as ethics, gestures and superstitions

A

universals

41
Q

the different ways in which girls and boys are socialized, or learn to belong in society

A

gender socialization

psych socio anthro (4 decks)

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