vocab Flashcards
abiotic factor , what is it ?
Physical, or nonliving, factor that shapes an ecosystem.
atmosphere. what is it ?
Relatively thin layer of gases that from in earth’s outermost layer
hydrosphere , what is it ?
potion of earth, that consists water, in any of its forms. including oceans, glaciers, rivers, lakes, groundwater, and water vapor.
geosphere, what is it ?
the densest part of earth, which includes the crust, mantle and core.Includes rocks, continents , and the ocean floor too.
ecosystem
all the organisms that live in a place, together with their nonliving environment
biosphere
part of earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere
ecology
scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.
biome
a group of ecosystems that share similiar climates and typical organisms
population density
number of individuals per unit area
population distribution
how individuals are spaced out across their range
age structure
the number of males and females of each age in population
what factors affect population growth .?
Birth date, Death rate, and the rate at which individuals enter or leave a population all affect population growth
how do ecologists study about populations?
Ecologists study populations by examining their geographic range, growth rate, density, and distribution, and age structure.
Exponential growth cause
A species is introduced into a new region with plentiful resources and few predators
Exponential growth effect
Birth rates are high , death rates are low, the population increases steeply.
logistic growth, phase 1 cause and effect
Cause : Species is introduced into a new region with plentiful resources and few predators,
Effect: Population decreases
exponential growth, bad or good
A species is introduced into a new region with plentiful resources and few predators, GOOD!!!!! BIRTH RATES ARE HIGH, DEATH RATES ARE LOWER, AND POPULATION INCREASES !
logistic growth, good or bad ???
Bad, capacity is reached, resources become limited, population deceases
IMMIGRATION .
IMPORT, IN , PEOPLE MOVE IN
EMIGRATION
OUT, PEOPLE EXITING
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH?
GROWTH PATTERN IN WHICH THE INDIVIDUALS IN A POPULATION REPRODUCE/ GROW AT AN INCREASING RATE
THE LOGISTIC GROWTH CURVE
SHAPED LIKE A S- SHAPED CURVE WHEN OCCURS A POPULATIONS GROWTH SLOWS AND THEN STOPS, FOLLOWING A PERIOD OF TIME OF EXPONENTIAL GROWTH.
CARRYING CAPACITY?
MAX NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS OF A PARTICULAR SPECIES THAT A PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENT CAN SUPPORT
LIMITING FACTOR ?????
FACTOR THAT CAUSES POPULATION GROWTH TO DECREASE
DENSITY DEPENDENT LIMITING FACTOR
LIMITING FACTOR THAT DEPENDS ON POPULATION DENSITY, INCLUDING COMPETITION, STRESS FROM OVERCROWDING , PARASITISM, DISEASE, PREDATION, AND HERBIVORY.
DENSITY DEPENDENT LIMITING FACTOR COMPETITON
WHEN POPULATION DENSITY IS HIGH, INDIVIDUALS COMPETE FOR FOOD, WTAER, SPACE, SUNLIGHT, AND OTHER RESOURCES THAT MAY BE LIMITED.
DENSITY DEPENDENT LIMITING FACTOR PARASITISM AND DISEASE
PARASITES AND DISEASES- CAUSING ORGANISMS WEAKEN THEIR HOSTS AND CAN CAUSE DEATH.
LIMITING FACTOR
ANY FACTOR THAT CONTROLS THE GROWTH OF A POPULATION. DECREASE
DENSITY, INDEPENDENT LIMITING FACTORS , ARE ???
ENVIROMENTAL EXTREMES INCLUDING WEATHER SUCH AS HURRICANES, DROUGHTS, OR FLOODS, AND NATURAL DISASTERS SUCH AS WILDFIRES, ENVIROMENTAL ISSUES/ CLIMATE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIMITING FACTORS AND EXTINICTION
IF CARRYING CAPACITY FALLS LOW ENOUGH, POPULATIONS CAN BE WIPED OUT, LEADING TO SPECIES EXTINICTION. AN EXTINCT SPECIES HAS NO MEMBERS REMAINING LIVING
HUMAN POPULATION SIZE CHNAGE OVERTIME
HUMAN POPULATIONS , LIKE OTHER POPULATIONS TEND TO INCREASE, AND THE RATE OF THOSE INCREASES HAS CHANGED OVER TIME
WHAT FACTORS MEASURED TO DETERMINE IF A DEMOGRAPGHIC CHANGE IS OCCURING ?
BIRTH DATES, DEATH RATES, AGE STRUCTURE
DEMOGRAPHY
SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF HUMAN POPULATIONS
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
CHNAGE IN A POPULATION FROM HIGH BIRTH AND DEATH RATE TO LOW BIRTH AND DEATH RATES
POPULATION GROWTH RATES DIFFER AMOUG COUNTRIES ???
BIRTH RATES, DEATH RATES, AGE STRUCTURE HELP PREDICT WHY SOME COUNTRIES HAVE HIGH GROWTH RATES WHILE OTHER COUNTRIES POPULATIONS INCREASE MORE SLOWLY.
what is a biotic factor ??
Any living part of the environment with which an organism might interact
