Vocab Flashcards by Niya Alias

Grammar

The system of rules that govern a language

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Syntax

The system of rules that govern sentence structure (word order)

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Morphology

The structure of words and the way they’re formed

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Phonetics, phonology and prosodics

Sounds and pronunciation, how speech sounds and its effects are articulated and analysed

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Lexis

Word/vocabulary

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Semantics

Word meaning

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Pragmatics

Contextual aspects of language use, understanding according to context

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Discourse

Any text, spoken or written

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Graphology

Visual aspects of a textual design and appearance

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Semantic field

A group of words with linked meaning

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Lexicon

Dictionary

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Aspect

Way of expressing how something extends over time

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Person

Way of expressing who is speaking or being spoken to

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Voice

Way of expressing relationship between the verb and the subject/object

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Tense

Way of expressing time

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Genre

A type of text in any mode which is defined by its PURPOSE, its features or both

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Mode

Spoken, written or blended

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Written (mode) texts

Pre-planned
Received through the eyes
Permanent

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Spoken (mode) texts

Spontaneous
Received through the ears
Fleeting

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Blended/Hybrid (mode) texts

A text with a combination of written and spoken mode features

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Mode continuum

Texts sit somewhere along a scale of mode and don’t neatly fit into one or another

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CMC is and abbreviation for…

Computer Mediated Communication

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CMC

Human communication which takes place using computers/computer technology

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Affordance

A feature that is available to use in that text type

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Representation

How a writer/speaker wants to present/portray themselves, their views etc.

Intertextuality

References to other texts/text types within a specific text

Synthetic personalisation

Creating a relationship between the reader and writer by creating/assuming the personality, ideal viewer/reader

Noun

A naming word

Proper noun

Name (uses a capital letter)

Concrete noun

Describes something real

Abstract noun

Describes something you can't touch

Count noun

Describes something that can be counted | Typically follows quantifiers, numerals or articles

Mass noun

Describes something that cannot be counted

Noun phrase

A group of words finishing with a noun | No finite verb

Pronoun

Used to replace a noun | Singular/plural and first/second/third person

Modifier

Gives more detail to the noun

Pre-modified

Before the noun

Post-modified

After the noun

Adjective

Describes a noun

Attributive adjective

positioned before the noun

Predicative adjective

Positioned after the noun

Superlative Adjective

-est ending

Comparative Adjective

-er ending

Verb

Expresses an action or state of being

Progressive verb

-ing verbs

Intransitive verb

Verb that doesn't have a direct object

Transitive verb

Verb that has at least one object

Auxiliary verb

Helping verbs | Help the main verb in the sentence

Modal verb

An auxiliary that expresses necessity or possibility

Examples of modal verbs

must, should, will, would, could, might, may ...

Examples of auxiliary

to be, to do, to have, must, should, will, would, could, might, may ...

Adverb

Describes a verb (or adjective

Conjunction

Connects sentences and clauses together

Conjunction

Connects sentences and clauses together

Coordinating conjunction

Connects 2 or more elements that make sense alone

Subordinating conjunction

Connects a main clause and subordinating clause

Examples of coordinating conjunction

FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

Examples of subordinating conjunction

Because, as, if, although

Interjection

Word/phrase that is independent from the words around it

Interjection

Word/phrase that is independent from the words around it

Interjection

Word/phrase that is independent from the words around it

Interjection

Word/phrase that is independent from the words around it

Examples of interjection

yipee, wow, ouch, oh

Preposition

The relationships between nouns

Determiners

Parts of speech that refer to nouns or noun phrases

Definite articles

'the'

Indefinite articles

'a' or 'an'

Phrase

Set of words containing a headword and modifiers

Phrase

Set of words containing a headword and modifiers

Phrase

Set of words containing a headword and modifiers

Clause

Set of words containing a subject and verb

Main clause

Set of words that can stand alone

Subordinate clause

Set of words that add additional information but cannot stand alone

Noun clause

Functions like a noun

Relative clause

A dependant set of words that requires prior information to be understood Gives extra information about the noun Sometimes referred to as adjectival clauses Nearly always begin with relative pronouns and adverbs (who, whose, which, when, where, that)

Adverbial clause

Dependant set of words that functions like an adverb

Sentence

Set of words containing a subject and predicative

Simple sentence

Set of words made up of one main clause

Compound sentence

Set of words made up of 2 or more main clauses

Complex sentence

Set of words made up of at least one main clause and one or more subordinate clause