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American History > Vocab 1 (8th Grade) > Flashcards

Vocab 1 (8th Grade) Flashcards

1
Q

Indentured Servants

A

Individual that agrees to work 4-6 years to pay for his voyage to the Americas

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2
Q

House of Burgesses

A

First representative government in North America

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3
Q

Quebec

A

France’s first colonial settlement in North America that focused on the fur trade

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4
Q

The Middle Passage

A

Journey of African Slaves from Africa to North America and the Caribbean that consisted of violent capture and unbearable ship conditions that often ended in death

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5
Q

Mercantilism

A

An economic theory that states a colony exists to benefit the home country. A country that builds its power by gaining more gold and silver

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6
Q

New Amsterdam

A

Main Dutch coastal settlement located on Manhattan Island. It would later become New York City when the British took over

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7
Q

France

A

This country colonized the Americas because of fur and fishing

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8
Q

Colombian Exchange

A

Global exchange of food, livestock, slaves, and diseases

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9
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

Pilgrims signed this agreement outside their charter to set up the guidelines and principles of their government

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10
Q

Treaty

A

Formal agreement between two countries

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11
Q

Bartolomé de las Casas

A

16th century Spanish priest who advocated against Native American slaves and for African Slaves

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12
Q

England

A

This country colonized North America because of religious persecution and profit from trade and land

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13
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

Movement started by Martin Luther who wanted to reform the Catholic Church. This movement divided Europeans between Catholics and Protestants

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14
Q

Maryland

A

English colony founded by Catholics, led by Lord Baltimore, who were looking for religious freedom

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15
Q

Jamestown

A

England’s 1st permanent colony in North America which was founded by people searching for gold. They found no gold but did make money off of tobacco

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16
Q

House of Representatives

A

House of Congress that consists of 435 members and each states representation is based on population

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17
Q

Senate

A

House of Congress that consists of 100 members with each state getting 2 voting members. Approves Presendtial appointments

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18
Q

Speaker of the House

A

Leader of the House of Representatives,which goes to the majority party, and is 3rd in line to be president

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19
Q

Catholicism

A

Largest sect of Christianity that follows traditions and a hierarchy that is led by the Pope

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20
Q

Massachusetts

A

English colony founded by the Pilgrims and Puritains, who were searching for religious freedom

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21
Q

Spain

A

This country colonized the Americas to gain worldwide recognition

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22
Q

Portugal

A

European country that started the age of exploration and colonization by its innovations in sea exploration

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23
Q

Incas

A

Ancient civilization conquered by Pizzaro. He stole 65million in gold and silver

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24
Q

Town Hall Meetings

A

Type of government in which all people can voice their opinions and vote on issues involving their town

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25
Q

Aztecs

A

Ancient civilization that was defeated by Cortes after he attacked them at Tenochtitlan

26
Q

Pennsylvania

A

English colony founded by the Quakers, who were searching for religious freedom

27
Q

Impeachment

A

The formal process of accusing a public official of unlawful activity and the removal of that official from office

28
Q

Legislative Branch

A

Makes the nation’s laws. This branch has the power to impose taxes and declare war

29
Q

Due Process

A

Idea that the government must follow procedures established by law and guaranteed by the Constitution

30
Q

Loose Interpretation

A

Government has the power to do anything not specifically forbidden to it in the Constitution

31
Q

Strict Interpretation

A

Government only has the powers specifically written out in the Constitution

32
Q

Bill of Rights

A

The first ten amendments in the Constitution

33
Q

Judicial Review

A

The right of the Supreme Court to determine if a law violates the Constitution

34
Q

1st Ammendment

A

Guarantees freedom of religion, press, speech, and assembly

35
Q

5th Amendment

A

Assures the right not to be deprived of “life, liberty, and property, without due process of law.”

36
Q

Separation of Powers

A

The division of government power between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches

37
Q

6th Amendment

A

Guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury

38
Q

Popular Sovereinty

A

Political theory that government is subject to the will of the people

39
Q

Judicial Branch

A

Interprets the nation’s laws. This branch can hear cases of maritime law and those involving controversies between the states

40
Q

Checks and Balances

A

The system in which each branch of government has certain powers over the other two branches so that no one branch becomes too powerful

41
Q

Representative Government

A

People exercise control by electing representatives

42
Q

Veto

A

The power of the president to reject a bill and prevent it from becoming a law

43
Q

Executive Branch

A

Carries out the nation’s laws and policies. This branch has the power to command the military and grant pardons to individuals convicted of a crime

44
Q

Federalism

A

The sharing of power between federal (national) and state governments

45
Q

Bicameralism

A

Two-House Legislature

46
Q

Marbury vs. Madison

A

Supreme Court case which established the precedent of Judicial Review

47
Q

Secretary of State

A

Member of the president’s cabinet that handles relations with foreign countries

48
Q

Secretary of Defense

A

Member of the president’s cabinet that is concerned with the Armed Forces

49
Q

Attorney General

A

Member of the president’s cabinet that handles the government’s legal matters

50
Q

Electoral College

A

Group of electors from each state that meets every four years to vote for the President and Vice-Pesident

51
Q

Secretary of Treasury

A

Member of the President’s cabinet that deals with financial matters

52
Q

4th Amendment

A

Protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures

53
Q

8th Amendment

A

Protects against cruel and unusual punishments

54
Q

2nd Amendment

A

Guarantees the right to keep and bear arms

55
Q

10th Amendment

A

All powers not given to the federal government are reserved for the states

56
Q

3rd Amendment

A

Says you don’t have to house soldiers in your home during times of peace

57
Q

7th Amendment

A

Guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil cases when you are being sued over $20

58
Q

9th Amendment

A

Says you have other rights not named in the first 8 amendments

59
Q

Rhode Island

A

English Colony that was founded by Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson who wanted to create a government that was separate of religious influence

60
Q

Puritains

A

Religious group settling in America to create a religious utopia to serve as an example or a “city on a hill” to the rest of the world

American History (5 decks)

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