Voca Flashcards
1
Q
Recede
[ri-seed]
A
- to go or move away; retreat; go to or toward a more distant point; withdraw.
- to become more distant.
- (of a color, form, etc., on a flat surface) to move away or be perceived as moving away from an observer, especially as giving the illusion of space.
2
Q
Weather
[weth-er]
A
to bear up against and come safely through (a storm, danger, trouble, etc.): to weather a severe illness.
3
Q
Put up with
A
to endure; tolerate; bear: I couldn’t put up with the noise any longer.
4
Q
Grave
[greyv]
A
- serious or solemn; sober: a grave person; grave thoughts.
- weighty, momentous, or important: grave responsibilities.
- threatening a seriously bad outcome or involving serious issues; critical: a grave situation; a grave illness.
5
Q
Envisage
[en-viz-ij]
A
- to contemplate; visualize: He envisages an era of great scientific discoveries.
- to conceive of as a possibility in the future; foresee
6
Q
Edifice
[ed-uh-fis]
A
- a building, especially one of large size or imposing appearance.
- any large, complex system or organization.
7
Q
Censure
[sen-sher]
A
- strong or vehement expression of disapproval: The newspapers were unanimous in their censure of the tax proposal.
- an official reprimand, as by a legislative body of one of its members.
verb (used with object) - to criticize or reproach in a harsh or vehement manner: She is more to be pitied than censured.
verb (used without object) - to give censure, adverse criticism, disapproval, or blame.
8
Q
Vehement
[vee-uh-muhnt]
A
- zealous; ardent; impassioned: a vehement defense; vehement enthusiasm.
- characterized by rancor or anger; violent: vehement hostility.
- strongly emotional; intense or passionate: vehement desire.
- marked by great energy or exertion; strenuous: vehement clapping.
9
Q
Reprimand
[rep-ruh-mand]
A
noun
1. a severe reproof or rebuke, especially a formal one by a person in authority.
verb (used with object)
2. to reprove or rebuke severely, especially in a formal way.
10
Q
Cynical
[sin-i-kuhl]
A
- distrusting or disparaging the motives of others; like or characteristic of a cynic.
- showing contempt for accepted standards of honesty or morality by one’s actions, especially by actions that exploit the scruples of others.
- bitterly or sneeringly distrustful, contemptuous, or pessimistic.
11
Q
Disparage
[dih-spar-ij]
A
- to speak of or treat slightingly; depreciate; belittle: Do not disparage good manners.
- to bring reproach or discredit upon; lower the estimation of: Your behavior will disparage the whole family.
12
Q
Scruple
[skroo-puhl]
A
- a moral or ethical consideration or standard that acts as a restraining force or inhibits certain actions.
- a very small portion or amount.
13
Q
Sneer
[sneer]
A
verb (used without object)
1. to smile, laugh, or contort the face in a manner that shows scorn or contempt: They sneered at his pretensions.
2. to speak or write in a manner expressive of derision or scorn.
verb (used with object)
3. to utter or say in a sneering manner.
noun
4. a look or expression of derision, scorn, or contempt.
5. a derisive or scornful utterance, especially one more or less covert or insinuative.
6. an act of sneering.
14
Q
Contemptuous
[kuhn-temp-choo-uhs]
A
adjective
showing or expressing contempt or disdain; scornful; disrespectful.
15
Q
Impotent
[im-puh-tuhnt]
A
adjective
- not potent; lacking power or ability.
- utterly unable (to do something).
- without force or effectiveness.
- lacking bodily strength or physically helpless.
- (of a male) unable to attain or sustain a penile erection.
16
Q
Debilitate
[dih-bil-i-teyt]
A
verb (used with object)
to make weak or feeble; enfeeble: The siege of pneumonia debilitated her completely.
17
Q
Prognosis
[prog-noh-sis]
A
- Medicine/Medical . a forecasting of the probable course and outcome of a disease, especially of the chances of recovery.
- a forecast or prognostication.
18
Q
Renege
[ri-nig]
A
verb (used without object)
- Cards. to play a card that is not of the suit led when one can follow suit; break a rule of play.
- to go back on one’s word: He has reneged on his promise.
19
Q
Collateral
[kuh-lat-er-uhl]
A
noun
1. security pledged for the payment of a loan: He gave the bank some stocks and bonds as collateral for the money he borrowed.
adjective
2. accompanying; auxiliary: He received a scholarship and collateral aid.
3. additional; confirming: collateral evidence; collateral security.
4. secured by collateral: a collateral loan.
20
Q
Auxiliary
[awg-zil-yuh-ree]
A
adjective
1. additional; supplementary; reserve: an auxiliary police force.
2. used as a substitute or reserve in case of need: The hospital has an auxiliary power system in case of a blackout.
noun
3. a person or thing that gives aid of any kind; helper.
21
Q
Brook
[brook]
A
verb (used with object)
to bear; suffer; tolerate: I will brook no interference.
“not brook sth / brook no sth”
22
Q
Whinge
[hwinj]
A
verb (used without object)
to complain; whine.
23
Q
Maverick
[mav-rik]
A
noun
1. a lone dissenter, as an intellectual, an artist, or a politician, who takes an independent stand apart from his or her associates: a modern-dance maverick. Synonyms: nonconformist, individualist; free thinker; loner, lone wolf.
2. a person pursuing rebellious, even potentially disruptive, policies or ideas: You can’t muzzle a maverick. Synonyms: rebel, cowboy; loose cannon.
adjective
3. unorthodox, unconventional, nonconformist: a maverick fiscal conservative willing to raise taxes.
24
Q
Streak
[streek]
A
noun
- a long, narrow mark, smear, band of color, or the like: streaks of mud.
- a portion or layer of something, distinguished by color or nature from the rest; a vein or stratum: streaks of fat in meat.
- a vein, strain, or admixture of anything: a streak of humor.
- Informal.
a. a spell or run: a streak of good luck.
b. an uninterrupted series: The team had a losing streak of ten games. - a flash leaving a visible line or aftereffect, as of lightning; bolt.
25
Sleek
| [sleek]
adjective
1. smooth or glossy, as hair, an animal, etc.
2. well-fed or well-groomed.
3. trim and graceful; finely contoured; streamlined: a sleek sports car.
4. smooth in manners, speech, etc.; suave.
5. cleverly or deceitfully skillful; slick: a sleek confidence man.
26
Hoard
| [hohrd]
noun
1. a supply or accumulation that is hidden or carefully guarded for preservation, future use, etc.: a vast hoard of silver.
verb (used with object)
2. to accumulate for preservation, future use, etc., in a hidden or carefully guarded place: to hoard food during a shortage.
verb (used without object)
3. to accumulate money, food, or the like, in a hidden or carefully guarded place for preservation, future use, etc.
27
Sordid
| [sawr-did]
adjective
1. morally ignoble or base; vile: sordid methods.
2. meanly selfish, self-seeking, or mercenary.
3. dirty or filthy.
4. squalid; wretchedly poor and run-down: sordid housing.
28
Vile
| [vahyl]
adjective
1. wretchedly bad: a vile humor.
2. highly offensive, unpleasant, or objectionable: vile slander.
3. repulsive or disgusting, as to the senses or feelings: a vile odor.
4. morally debased, depraved, or despicable: vile deeds.
5. foul; filthy: vile language.
6. poor; wretched: vile workmanship.
7. of mean or low condition: a vile beggar.
8. menial; lowly: vile tasks.
9. degraded; ignominious: vile servitude.
10. of little value or account; paltry: a vile recompense.
29
Wretched
| [rech-id]
adjective
1. very unfortunate in condition or circumstances; miserable; pitiable.
2. characterized by or attended with misery and sorrow.
3. despicable, contemptible, or mean: a wretched miser.
4. poor, sorry, or pitiful; worthless: a wretched job of sewing.
30
Notwithstanding
| [not-with-stan-ding, -with-]
preposition
1. in spite of; without being opposed or prevented by: Notwithstanding a brilliant defense, he was found guilty. She went to the game anyway, doctor's orders notwithstanding.
conjunction
2. in spite of the fact that; although: It was the same material, notwithstanding the texture seemed different.
adverb
3. nevertheless; anyway; yet: We were invited notwithstanding.
31
Entice
| [en-tahys]
verb (used with object)
1. to lead on by exciting hope or desire; allure; inveigle: They were enticed westward by dreams of gold.
2. to attract or draw towards oneself by exciting hope or desire.
"entice sb into sth"
32
Remittance
| [ri-mit-ns]
noun
1. the sending of money, checks, etc., to a recipient at a distance.
2. money or its equivalent sent from one place to another.
33
Insouciant
| [in-soo-see-uhnt]
adjective
| free from concern, worry, or anxiety; carefree; nonchalant.
34
Penchant
| [pen-chuhnt]
noun
| a strong inclination, taste, or liking for something: a penchant for outdoor sports.
35
Kudos
| [koo-dohz]
noun ( used with a singular verb )
| honor; glory; acclaim: He received kudos from everyone on his performance.
36
Vex
| [veks]
verb (used with object)
1. to irritate; annoy; provoke: His noisy neighbors often vexed him.
2. to torment; trouble; distress; plague; worry: Lack of money vexes many.
3. to discuss or debate (a subject, question, etc.) with vigor or at great length: to vex a question endlessly without agreeing.
4. to disturb by motion; stir up; toss about.
5. to afflict with physical pain.
37
Paltry
| [pawl-tree]
adjective, pal·tri·er, pal·tri·est.
1. ridiculously or insultingly small: a paltry sum.
2. utterly worthless.
3. mean or contemptible: a paltry coward.
38
Utter
| [uht-er]
verb (used with object)
1. to give audible expression to; speak or pronounce: unable to utter her feelings; Words were uttered in my hearing.
2. to give forth (cries, notes, etc.) with the voice: to utter a sigh.
adjective
1. complete; total; absolute: her utter abandonment to grief.
2. unconditional; unqualified: an utter denial.
39
Stutter
| [stuht-er]
verb (used with object), verb (used without object)
1. to speak in such a way that the rhythm is interrupted by repetitions, blocks or spasms, or prolongations of sounds or syllables, sometimes accompanied by contortions of the face and body.
noun
2. distorted speech characterized principally by blocks or spasms interrupting the rhythm.
40
Hindrance
| [hin-druhns]
noun
1. an impeding, stopping, preventing, or the like.
2. the state of being hindered.
3. a person or thing that hinders.
Synonyms
3. impediment, encumbrance, obstruction, check; restraint.
41
Vendetta
| [ven-det-uh]
noun
1. a private feud in which the members of the family of a murdered person seek to avenge the murder by killing the slayer or one of the slayer's relatives, especially such vengeance as once practiced in Corsica and parts of Italy.
2. any prolonged and bitter feud, rivalry, contention, or the like: a political vendetta.
42
Feud
| [fyood]
noun
1. Also called blood feud. a bitter, continuous hostility, especially between two families, clans, etc., often lasting for many years or generations.
2. a bitter quarrel or contention: a feud between labor and management.
verb (used without object)
3. to engage in a feud.
43
Scoff
| [skawf, skof]
verb (used without object)
1. to speak derisively; mock; jeer (often followed by at ): If you can't do any better, don't scoff. Their efforts toward a peaceful settlement are not to be scoffed at.
verb (used with object)
2. to mock at; deride.
noun
3. an expression of mockery, derision, doubt, or derisive scorn; jeer.
4. an object of mockery or derision.
44
Derisive
| [dih-rahy-siv, -ris-iv]
adjective
| characterized by or expressing derision; contemptuous; mocking: derisive heckling.
45
Derision
| [dih-rizh-uhn]
noun
1. ridicule; mockery: The inept performance elicited derision from the audience.
2. an object of ridicule.
46
Ridicule
| [rid-i-kyool]
noun
1. speech or action intended to cause contemptuous laughter at a person or thing; derision.
verb (used with object)
2. to deride; make fun of.
47
Scrupulous
| [skroo-pyuh-luhs]
adjective
1. having scruples; having or showing a strict regard for what one considers right; principled.
2. punctiliously or minutely careful, precise, or exact: a scrupulous performance.
48
Punctilious
| [puhngk-til-ee-uhs]
adjective
extremely attentive to punctilios; strict or exact in the observance of the formalities or amenities of conduct or actions.
[punctilio:strictness or exactness in the observance of formalities or amenities.]
49
Languid
| [lang-gwid]
adjective
1. lacking in vigor or vitality; slack or slow: a languid manner.
2. lacking in spirit or interest; listless; indifferent.
3. drooping or flagging from weakness or fatigue; faint.
50
Interlude
| [in-ter-lood]
noun
1. an intervening episode, period, space, etc.
2. a short dramatic piece, especially of a light or farcical character, formerly introduced between the parts or acts of miracle and morality plays or given as part of other entertainments.
51
Pundit
| [puhn-dit]
noun
1. a learned person, expert, or authority.
2. a person who makes comments or judgments, especially in an authoritative manner; critic or commentator.
52
Duly
| [doo-lee]
adverb
1. in a due manner; properly; fittingly.
2. in due season; punctually.
53
In Unison
in unison, in perfect accord; corresponding exactly: My feelings on the subject are in unison with yours.
54
Squalor
| [skwol-er]
noun
| the condition of being squalid; filth and misery.
55
Tout
| [tout]
verb (used without object)
1. to solicit business, employment, votes, or the like, importunately.
verb (used with object)
2. to solicit support for importunately.
3. to describe or advertise boastfully; publicize or promote; praise extravagantly: a highly touted nightclub.
56
Solicit
| [suh-lis-it]
verb (used with object)
1. to seek for (something) by entreaty, earnest or respectful request, formal application, etc.: He solicited aid from the minister.
2. to entreat or petition (someone or some agency): to solicit the committee for funds.
3. to seek to influence or incite to action, especially unlawful or wrong action.
4. to offer to have sex with in exchange for money.
verb (used without object)
5. to make a petition or request, as for something desired.
6. to solicit orders or trade, as for a business: No soliciting allowed in this building.
7. to offer to have sex with someone in exchange for money.
57
Importunate
| [im-pawr-chuh-nit]
adjective
1. urgent or persistent in solicitation, sometimes annoyingly so.
2. pertinacious, as solicitations or demands.
3. troublesome; annoying: importunate demands from the children for attention.
58
Pertinacious
| [pur-tn-ey-shuhs]
adjective
1. holding tenaciously to a purpose, course of action, or opinion; resolute.
2. stubborn or obstinate.
3. extremely or objectionably persistent: a pertinacious salesman from whom I could not escape.
59
Abbot
| [ab-uht]
noun
| a man who is the head or superior, usually elected, of a monastery.
60
Abbey
| [ab-ee]
noun, plural ab·beys.
1. a monastery under the supervision of an abbot or a convent under the supervision of an abbess.
2. the group of buildings comprising such a monastery or convent.
61
Convent
| [kon-vent]
noun
1. a community of persons devoted to religious life under a superior.
2. a society or association of monks, friars, or nuns: now usually used of a society of nuns.
3. the building or buildings occupied by such a society; a monastery or nunnery.
62
Scrawl
| [skrawl]
verb (used with object)
1. to write or draw in a sprawling, awkward manner: He scrawled his name hastily across the blackboard.
verb (used without object)
2. to write awkwardly, carelessly, or illegibly.
noun
3. awkward, careless, or illegible handwriting.
4. something scrawled, as a letter or a note.
63
Streamline
| [streem-lahyn]
noun
1. a teardrop line of contour offering the least possible resistance to a current of air, water, etc.
2. the path of a particle that is flowing steadily and without turbulence in a fluid past an object.
verb (used with object)
3. to make streamlined.
4. to alter in order to make more efficient or simple.
64
Disclose
| [dih-sklohz]
verb (used with object)
1. to make known; reveal or uncover: to disclose a secret.
2. to cause to appear; allow to be seen; lay open to view: In spring the violets disclose their fragrant petals.
3. Obsolete . to open up; unfold.
65
Litigation
| [lit-i-gey-shuhn]
noun
1. the act or process of litigating: a matter that is still in litigation.
2. a lawsuit.
66
Fond
| [fond]
adjective,
1. having a liking or affection for (usually followed by of ): to be fond of animals.
2. loving; affectionate: to give someone a fond look.
3. excessively tender or overindulgent; doting: a fond parent.
4. cherished with strong or unreasoning feeling: to nourish fond hopes of becoming president.
67
Impinge
| [im-pinj]
verb (used without object)
1. to make an impression; have an effect or impact (usually followed by on or upon ): to impinge upon the imagination; social pressures that impinge upon one's daily life.
2. to encroach; infringe (usually followed by on or upon ): to impinge on another's rights.
3. to strike; dash; collide (usually followed by on, upon, or against ): rays of light impinging on the eye.
68
Misdemeanor
| [mis-di-mee-ner]
noun
1. Law. a criminal offense defined as less serious than a felony.
2. an instance of misbehavior; misdeed.
69
Peculiar
| [pi-kyool-yer]
adjective
1. strange; queer; odd: peculiar happenings.
2. uncommon; unusual: the peculiar hobby of stuffing and mounting bats.
3. distinctive in nature or character from others.
4. belonging characteristically (usually followed by to ): an expression peculiar to Canadians.
5. belonging exclusively to some person, group, or thing: the peculiar properties of a drug.
70
Captivate
| [kap-tuh-veyt]
verb (used with object)
1. to attract and hold the attention or interest of, as by beauty or excellence; enchant: Her blue eyes and red hair captivated him.
71
Synthetic
| [sin-thet-ik]
adjective
1. of, pertaining to, proceeding by, or involving synthesis ( opposed to analytic ).
2. noting or pertaining to compounds formed through a chemical process by human agency, as opposed to those of natural origin: synthetic vitamins; synthetic fiber.
3. not real or genuine; artificial; feigned: a synthetic chuckle at a poor joke.
72
Accrue
| [uh-kroo]
verb (used without object)
1. to happen or result as a natural growth, addition, etc.
2. to be added as a matter of periodic gain or advantage, as interest on money.
73
Indict
| [in-dahyt]
verb (used with object)
1. (of a grand jury) to bring a formal accusation against, as a means of bringing to trial: The grand jury indicted him for murder.
2. to charge with an offense or crime; accuse of wrongdoing; castigate; criticize: He tends to indict everyone of plotting against him.
74
Convolute
| [kon-vuh-loot]
verb (used with object), verb (used without object)
1.to coil up; form into a twisted shape.
adjective
2. rolled up together or with one part over another.
75
Stoke
| [stohk]
```
verb (used with object)
1. to poke, stir up, and feed (a fire).
2. to tend the fire of (a furnace, especially one used with a boiler to generate steam for an engine); supply with fuel.
verb (used without object)
3. to shake up the coals of a fire.
4. to tend a fire or furnace.
```
76
Monstrosity
| [mon-stros-i-tee]
noun
1. the state or character of being monstrous.
2. a monster or something monstrous.
77
Lade
| [leyd]
verb (used with object)
1. to put (something) on or in, as a burden, load, or cargo; load.
2. to load oppressively; burden (used chiefly in the passive): laden with many responsibilities.
3. to fill or cover abundantly (used chiefly in the passive): trees laden with fruit; a man laden with honors.
4. to lift or throw in or out, as a fluid, with a ladle or other utensil.
verb (used without object)
5. to take on a load.
6. to lade a liquid.
78
Aspiration
| [as-puh-rey-shuhn]
noun
1. strong desire, longing, or aim; ambition: intellectual aspirations.
2. a goal or objective desired: The presidency is the traditional aspiration of young American boys.
3. act of aspirating; breath.
79
Imperative
| [im-per-uh-tiv]
adjective
1. absolutely necessary or required; unavoidable: It is imperative that we leave.
2. of the nature of or expressing a command; commanding.
noun
3. a command.
4. something that demands attention or action; an unavoidable obligation or requirement; necessity: It is an imperative that we help defend friendly nations.
80
Heed
| [heed]
verb (used with object)
1. to give careful attention to: He did not heed the warning.
verb (used without object)
2. to give attention; have regard.
noun
3. careful attention; notice; observation (usually with give or take).
81
Diminutive
| [dih-min-yuh-tiv]
adjective
| 1. small; little; tiny: a diminutive building for a model-train layout.
82
Contraption
| [kuhn-trap-shuhn]
noun Informal.
| a mechanical contrivance; gadget; device.
83
Apt
| [apt]
adjective
1. inclined; disposed; given; prone: too apt to slander others.
2. likely: Am I apt to find him at home?
3. unusually intelligent; able to learn quickly and easily: an apt pupil.
4. suited to the purpose or occasion; appropriate: an apt metaphor; a few apt remarks on world peace.
84
Precarious
| [pri-kair-ee-uhs]
adjective
1. dependent on circumstances beyond one's control; uncertain; unstable; insecure: a precarious livelihood.
2. dependent on the will or pleasure of another; liable to be withdrawn or lost at the will of another: He held a precarious tenure under an arbitrary administration.
3. exposed to or involving danger; dangerous; perilous; risky: the precarious life of an underseas diver.
4. having insufficient, little, or no foundation: a precarious assumption.
85
Serene
| [suh-reen]
adjective
1. calm, peaceful, or tranquil; unruffled: a serene landscape; serene old age.
2. clear; fair: serene weather.
86
Deplete
| [dih-pleet]
verb (used with object)
to decrease seriously or exhaust the abundance or supply of: The fire had depleted the game in the forest. Extravagant spending soon depleted his funds.
87
Supersede
| [soo-per-seed]
verb (used with object)
1. to replace in power, authority, effectiveness, acceptance, use, etc., as by another person or thing.
2. to set aside or cause to be set aside as void, useless, or obsolete, usually in favor of something mentioned; make obsolete: They superseded the old statute with a new one.
3. to succeed to the position, function, office, etc., of; supplant.
88
Elusive
| [ih-loo-siv]
adjective
1. eluding clear perception or complete mental grasp; hard to express or define: an elusive concept.
2. cleverly or skillfully evasive: a fish too elusive to catch.
89
Volatile
| [vol-uh-tl]
adjective
1. evaporating rapidly; passing off readily in the form of vapor: Acetone is a volatile solvent.
2. tending or threatening to break out into open violence; explosive: a volatile political situation.
3. changeable; mercurial; flighty: a volatile disposition.
4. (of prices, values, etc.) tending to fluctuate sharply and regularly: volatile market conditions.
5. fleeting; transient: volatile beauty.
90
Deteriorate
| [dih-teer-ee-uh-reyt]
verb
1. to make or become worse or inferior in character, quality, value, etc.
2. to disintegrate or wear away.
91
Compatriot
| [kuhm-pey-tree-uh]
noun
1. a native or inhabitant of one's own country; fellow countryman or countrywoman.
adjective
2. of the same country.
92
Ostentatious
| [os-ten-tey-shuhs]
adjective
1. characterized by or given to pretentious or conspicuous show in an attempt to impress others: an ostentatious dresser.
2. (of actions, manner, qualities exhibited, etc.) intended to attract notice: Lady Bountiful's ostentatious charity.
93
Sanctuary
| [sangk-choo-er-ee]
noun.
1. a sacred or holy place.
2. an especially holy place in a temple or church.
94
Imposition
| [im-puh-zish-uhn]
noun
1. the laying on of something as a burden or obligation.
2. something imposed, as a burden or duty; an unusual or extraordinarily burdensome requirement or task.
3. the act of imposing by or as if by authority.
4. an instance of imposing upon a person: He did the favor but considered the request an imposition.
5. the act of imposing fraudulently or deceptively on others; imposture.
95
Fraudulent
| [fraw-juh-luhnt]
adjective
1. characterized by, involving, or proceeding from fraud, as actions, enterprise, methods, or gains: a fraudulent scheme to evade taxes.
2. given to or using fraud, as a person; cheating; dishonest.
96
Wherewithal
| [hwair-with-awl]
noun
1. that with which to do something; means or supplies for the purpose or need, especially money: the wherewithal to pay my rent.
adverb
2. by means of which; out of which.
97
Undermine
| [uhn-der-mahyn]
verb (used with object)
1. to injure or destroy by insidious activity or imperceptible stages, sometimes tending toward a sudden dramatic effect.
2. to attack by indirect, secret, or underhand means; attempt to subvert by stealth.
3. to make an excavation under; dig or tunnel beneath, as a military stronghold.
4. to weaken or cause to collapse by removing underlying support, as by digging away or eroding the foundation.
98
Provost
| [proh-vohst]
noun
1. a person appointed to superintend or preside.
2. an administrative officer in any of various colleges and universities who holds high rank and is concerned with the curriculum, faculty appointments, etc.
99
Superintend
| [soo-per-in-tend]
verb (used with object)
1. to oversee and direct (work, processes, etc.).
2. to exercise supervision over (an institution, district, place, etc.).
100
Preside
| [pri-zahyd]
verb (used without object)
1. to occupy the place of authority or control, as in an assembly or meeting; act as president or chairperson.
2. to exercise management or control (usually followed by over) : The lawyer presided over the estate.
101
Loot
| [loot]
noun
1. spoils or plunder taken by pillaging, as in war.
2. anything taken by dishonesty, force, stealth, etc.: a burglar's loot.
3. a collection of valued objects: The children shouted and laughed as they opened their Christmas loot.
102
Pillage
| [pil-ij]
verb (used with object)
1. to strip ruthlessly of money or goods by open violence, as in war; plunder: The barbarians pillaged every conquered city.
2. to take as booty.
verb (used without object)
3. to rob with open violence; take booty: Soldiers roamed the countryside, pillaging and killing.
noun
4. the act of plundering, especially in war.
5. booty or spoil.
103
Disdain
| [dis-deyn]
verb (used with object)
1. to look upon or treat with contempt; despise; scorn.
2. to think unworthy of notice, response, etc.; consider beneath oneself: to disdain replying to an insult.
noun
3. a feeling of contempt for anything regarded as unworthy; haughty contempt; scorn.
104
Breach
| [breech]
noun
1. the act or a result of breaking; break or rupture.
2. an infraction or violation, as of a law, trust, faith, or promise.
3. a gap made in a wall, fortification, line of soldiers, etc.; rift; fissure.
4. a severance of friendly relations.
5. the leap of a whale above the surface of the water.
105
Compulsory
| [kuhm-puhl-suh-ree]
adjective
1. required; mandatory; obligatory: compulsory education.
2. using compulsion; compelling; constraining: compulsory measures to control rioting.
106
Premise
| [prem-is]
noun
1. Also, prem·iss. Logic. a proposition supporting or helping to support a conclusion.
2. premises.
a. a tract of land including its buildings.
b. a building together with its grounds or other appurtenances.
c. the property forming the subject of a conveyance or bequest.
3. Law.
a. a basis, stated or assumed, on which reasoning proceeds.
b. an earlier statement in a document.
c. (in a bill in equity) the statement of facts upon which the complaint is based.
107
Outskirt
| [out-skurt]
noun
1. Often, outskirts. the outlying district or region, as of a city, metropolitan area, or the like: to live on the outskirts of town; a sparsely populated outskirt.
2. Usually, outskirts. the border or fringes of a specified quality, condition, or the like: the outskirts of respectability.
108
Creep
| [kreep]
verb (used without object)
1. to move slowly with the body close to the ground, as a reptile or an insect, or a person on hands and knees.
2. to approach slowly, imperceptibly, or stealthily (often followed by up ): We crept up and peeked over the wall.
3. to move or advance slowly or gradually: The automobile crept up the hill. Time just seems to creep along on these hot summer days.
4. to sneak up behind someone or without someone's knowledge (usually followed by up on ): The prisoners crept up on the guard and knocked him out.
5. to enter or become evident inconspicuously, gradually, or insidiously (often followed by in or into: ) The writer's personal bias occasionally creeps into the account.
109
Pauper
| [paw-per]
noun
1. a person without any means of support, especially a destitute person who depends on aid from public welfare funds or charity.
2. a very poor person.
110
Exacerbate
| [ig-zas-er-beyt]
verb (used with object)
1. to increase the severity, bitterness, or violence of (disease, ill feeling, etc.); aggravate.
2. to embitter the feelings of (a person); irritate; exasperate.
111
Relic
| [rel-ik]
noun
1. a surviving memorial of something past.
2. an object having interest by reason of its age or its association with the past: a museum of historic relics.
3. a surviving trace of something: a custom that is a relic of paganism.
112
Shun
| [shuhn]
verb (used with object)
| to keep away from (a place, person, object, etc.), from motives of dislike, caution, etc.; take pains to avoid.
113
Disreputable
| [dis-rep-yuh-tuh-buhl]
adjective
1. not reputable; having a bad reputation: a disreputable barroom.
2. discreditable; dishonorable.
3. shabby or shoddy; of poor quality or condition: disreputable clothes.
114
Gentrification
| [jen-truh-fi-key-shuhn]
noun
1. the buying and renovation of houses and stores in deteriorated urban neighborhoods by upper- or middle-income families or individuals, thus improving property values but often displacing low-income families and small businesses.
2. an instance of gentrifying; the condition of being gentrified.
115
Yearn
| [yurn]
verb (used without object)
1. to have an earnest or strong desire; long: to yearn for a quiet vacation.
2. to feel tenderness; be moved or attracted: They yearned over their delicate child.
116
Deprive
| [dih-prahyv]
verb (used with object)
1. to remove or withhold something from the enjoyment or possession of (a person or persons): to deprive a man of life; to deprive a baby of candy.
2. to remove from ecclesiastical office.
117
Replicate
| [adj., n. rep-li-kit; v. rep-li-keyt]
adjective
1. Also, rep·li·cat·ed. folded; bent back on itself.
verb (used with object)
2. to bend or fold back: a replicated leaf.
3. to repeat, duplicate, or reproduce, especially for experimental purposes.
verb (used without object)
4. to undergo replication.
noun
5. something that is replicated, as an experiment or procedure.
118
Nudge
| [nuhj]
verb (used with object)
1. to push slightly or gently, especially with the elbow, to get someone's attention, prod someone into action, etc.
verb (used without object)
2. to give a nudge.
noun
3. a slight or gentle push or jog, especially with the elbow.
