VN17 Test 9

Question 1

WHAT ARE LYMPH NODES?

Answer 1

are oval to bean-shaped structures found along the length of lymphatics.
also known as lymph glands

Question 2

WHERE ARE THE THREE REGIONS OF LYMPH NODE AGGREGATION IN THE
BODY?

Answer 2

the groin, armpits, and neck

Question 3

WHAT ARE AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS?

Answer 3

are spaces between these groups of lymphatic tissue

Question 4

WHAT DO EFFERENT VESSELS UNITE TO FORM?

Answer 4

efferent vessels will eventually unite to form lymphatic trunks

Question 5

WHAT DOES THE LUMBAR TRUNK DO?

Answer 5

drains lymph from the lower extremities, the walls and viscera of the pelvis, the kidneys and adrenal glands, and most of the abdominal wall

Question 6

WHAT DOES THE JUGULAR TRUNK DO?

Answer 6

drains lymph from the head and neck

Question 7

WHAT DOES THE THORACIC duct DO?

Answer 7

which is the main collecting duct of the system and is also known as the left lymphatic duct, and the right lymphatic duct

Question 8

WHERE DOES THE THORACIC DUCT EMPTY ALL OF ITS LYMPH INTO?

Answer 8

empties all of its lymph into the left subclavian vein

Question 9

DESCRIBE THE THYMUS GLAND.

Answer 9

is a bilobed mass of tissue located in the mediastinum along the trachea behind the sternum

Question 10

WHERE IS THE BULK OF OUR LYMPHOID TISSUE LOCATED?

Answer 10

located in the lymph nodes

Question 11

WHERE ARE ANTIBODIES PRODUCED?

Answer 11

B lymphocytes

Question 12

IMMUNOGLOBULIN A

Answer 12

found in exocrine gland secretions, nasal fluid, tears, gastric and intestinal juice, bile, breast milk, and urine.

Question 13

B. IMMUNOGLOBULIN D

Answer 13

found on the surface of B lymphocytes and is important in B cell activation.

Question 14

IMMUNOGLOBULIN G

Answer 14

is found in tissue fluids and plasma. It attacks viruses, bacteria, and toxins. It also activates

Question 15

IMMUNOGLOBULIN E

Answer 15

also found in exocrine gland secretions and is associated with allergic reactions, attacking allergy-causing antigens. The most abundant antibodies are IgG, IgA, and IgM.

Question 16

IMMUNOGLOBULIN M

Answer 16

develops in blood plasma as a response to bacteria or antigens in food.

Question 17

WHAT IS THE JOB OF KILLER T CELLS?

Answer 17

kill virus-invaded body cells and cancerous body cells. They are also involved in graft rejections.

Question 18

WHAT IS INTERLEUKIN-2 RESPONSIBLE FOR?

Answer 18

stimulates proliferation of T and B cells.

Question 19

WHERE DO EFFERENT LYMPHATICS EXIT THE LYMPH NODE?

Answer 19

hilum

Question 20

17. EFFERENT LYMPHATICS UNITE TO FORM HOW MANY LYMPHATIC TRUNKS?

Answer 20

6 trunks

Question 21

WHAT DO T-CELLS BIND TO?

Answer 21

Bind to antigens

Question 22

WHAT ARE PEYER’S PATCHES?

Answer 22

also known as aggregated lymphatic follicles) are found in the wall of the small intestine. They resemble tonsils. Their macrophages destroy bacteria

Question 23

WHAT DOES THE BRONCHOMEDIASTINAL TRUNK DRAIN?

Answer 23

drains the thorax, lungs, heart, diaphragm, and the rest of the liver

Question 24

ABSORPTION

Answer 24

or the passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems for distribution to the body’s cells

Question 25

PERISTALSIS

Answer 25

or the physical movement or pushing of food along the digestive tract

Question 26

DEFECATION

Answer 26

or the elimination from the body of those substances that are indigestible and cannot be absorbed.

Question 27

DIGESTION

Answer 27

or the breakdown of food by both mechanical and chemical mechanisms

Question 28

WHAT IS THE GI TRACT?

Answer 28

Aka alimentary canal which is a long continuous tube that runs through the ventral cavity of the body and extends from the mouth to the anus

Question 29

WHAT ARE TUNICS?

Answer 29

Layers in the wall of the alimentary canal to anal canal

Question 30

WHAT IS THE INNERMOST LAYER OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL?

Answer 30

Tunica mucosa

Question 31

WHAT IS VITAMIN A NECESSARY FOR?

Answer 31

essential nutrients necessary for the successful functioning of our bodies. Vitamin A is necessary for vision, bone growth, and maintenance or epithelial cells

Question 32

WHAT IS VITAMIN B FOR?

Answer 32

the Vitamin B complexes are very significant for energy metabolism, muscle and nerve function

Question 33

WHAT IS THE UVULA?

Answer 33

Hanging from its posterior border is a cone-shaped muscular structure called the uvula which functions in the swallowing process and prevents food from backing up into the nasal area.

Question 34

WHAT IS UMAMI?

Answer 34

identified by Japanese researchers. It detects MSG (monosodium glutamate), a distinct flavor popular in Asian foods.

Question 35

HOW MANY INCISORS ARE THERE?

Answer 35

Eight- the front teeth

Question 36

WHAT IS THE HARDEST SUBSTANCE IN THE BODY?

Answer 36

enamel

Question 37

WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR SWALLOWING?

Answer 37

deglutition

Question 38

DESCRIBE THE ESOPHAGUS

Answer 38

a collapsible, muscular tube that is situated behind the trachea or windpipe. It is about 10 inches (23 to 25 cm) long and begins at the end of the laryngopharynx

Question 39

DESCRIBE THE PYLORUS

Answer 39

is the narrow inferior region that connects with the duodenum of the small intestine via the pyloric sphincter.

Question 40

DESCRIBE THE PARIETAL CELLS

Answer 40

secrete hydrochloric acid

Question 41

DESCRIBE KUPFFER CELLS

Answer 41

phagocytose (eat) certain bacteria and old, worn-out white and red blood cells.

Question 42

WHAT IS THE GALLBLADDER FOR?

Answer 42

is to store and concentrate the bile produced by the liver lobules until it is needed in the small intestine

Question 43

WHAT IS THE FIRST PART OF THE SMALL INTESTINE?

Answer 43

duodenum, which is the shortest part and is about 10 inches long

Question 44

WHAT IS CHIME? (chyme)

Answer 44

Chyme is the name of the digested contents of the small intestine.

Question 45

WHAT IS THE FIRST PART OF THE LARGE INTESTINE?

Answer 45

cecum

Question 46

WHAT DOES THE LIVER DO?

Answer 46

 It produces heparin, prothrombin, and thrombin.  Its Kupffer cells phagocytose bacteria and worn-out blood cells.  It stores excess carbohydrates as glycogen.  It stores copper, iron, and vitamins A, D, E, and K.  It stores or transforms poisons into less harmful substances.  It produces bile salts that emulsify or break down fats

Question 47

WHAT DO THE CHIEF CELLS SECRETE?

Answer 47

Aka zymogenic, secrete the principal gastric enzyme pepsinogen