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Week 11 > VN17 Test 9 > Flashcards

VN17 Test 9 Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE LYMPH NODES?

A

are oval to bean-shaped structures found along the length of lymphatics.
also known as lymph glands

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2
Q

WHERE ARE THE THREE REGIONS OF LYMPH NODE AGGREGATION IN THE
BODY?

A

the groin, armpits, and neck

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3
Q

WHAT ARE AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS?

A

are spaces between these groups of lymphatic tissue

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4
Q

WHAT DO EFFERENT VESSELS UNITE TO FORM?

A

efferent vessels will eventually unite to form lymphatic trunks

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5
Q

WHAT DOES THE LUMBAR TRUNK DO?

A

drains lymph from the lower extremities, the walls and viscera of the pelvis, the kidneys and adrenal glands, and most of the abdominal wall

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6
Q

WHAT DOES THE JUGULAR TRUNK DO?

A

drains lymph from the head and neck

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7
Q

WHAT DOES THE THORACIC duct DO?

A

which is the main collecting duct of the system and is also known as the left lymphatic duct, and the right lymphatic duct

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8
Q

WHERE DOES THE THORACIC DUCT EMPTY ALL OF ITS LYMPH INTO?

A

empties all of its lymph into the left subclavian vein

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9
Q

DESCRIBE THE THYMUS GLAND.

A

is a bilobed mass of tissue located in the mediastinum along the trachea behind the sternum

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10
Q

WHERE IS THE BULK OF OUR LYMPHOID TISSUE LOCATED?

A

located in the lymph nodes

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11
Q

WHERE ARE ANTIBODIES PRODUCED?

A

B lymphocytes

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12
Q

IMMUNOGLOBULIN A

A

found in exocrine gland secretions, nasal fluid, tears, gastric and intestinal juice, bile, breast milk, and urine.

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13
Q

B. IMMUNOGLOBULIN D

A

found on the surface of B lymphocytes and is important in B cell activation.

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14
Q

IMMUNOGLOBULIN G

A

is found in tissue fluids and plasma. It attacks viruses, bacteria, and toxins. It also activates

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15
Q

IMMUNOGLOBULIN E

A

also found in exocrine gland secretions and is associated with allergic reactions, attacking allergy-causing antigens. The most abundant antibodies are IgG, IgA, and IgM.

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16
Q

IMMUNOGLOBULIN M

A

develops in blood plasma as a response to bacteria or antigens in food.

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17
Q

WHAT IS THE JOB OF KILLER T CELLS?

A

kill virus-invaded body cells and cancerous body cells. They are also involved in graft rejections.

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18
Q

WHAT IS INTERLEUKIN-2 RESPONSIBLE FOR?

A

stimulates proliferation of T and B cells.

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19
Q

WHERE DO EFFERENT LYMPHATICS EXIT THE LYMPH NODE?

A

hilum

20
Q
  1. EFFERENT LYMPHATICS UNITE TO FORM HOW MANY LYMPHATIC TRUNKS?
A

6 trunks

21
Q

WHAT DO T-CELLS BIND TO?

A

Bind to antigens

22
Q

WHAT ARE PEYER’S PATCHES?

A

also known as aggregated lymphatic follicles) are found in the wall of the small intestine. They resemble tonsils. Their macrophages destroy bacteria

23
Q

WHAT DOES THE BRONCHOMEDIASTINAL TRUNK DRAIN?

A

drains the thorax, lungs, heart, diaphragm, and the rest of the liver

24
Q

ABSORPTION

A

or the passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems for distribution to the body’s cells

25
Q

PERISTALSIS

A

or the physical movement or pushing of food along the digestive tract

26
Q

DEFECATION

A

or the elimination from the body of those substances that are indigestible and cannot be absorbed.

27
Q

DIGESTION

A

or the breakdown of food by both mechanical and chemical mechanisms

28
Q

WHAT IS THE GI TRACT?

A

Aka alimentary canal which is a long continuous tube that runs through the ventral cavity of the body and extends from the mouth to the anus

29
Q

WHAT ARE TUNICS?

A

Layers in the wall of the alimentary canal to anal canal

30
Q

WHAT IS THE INNERMOST LAYER OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL?

A

Tunica mucosa

31
Q

WHAT IS VITAMIN A NECESSARY FOR?

A

essential nutrients necessary for the successful functioning of our bodies. Vitamin A is necessary for vision, bone growth, and maintenance or epithelial cells

32
Q

WHAT IS VITAMIN B FOR?

A

the Vitamin B complexes are very significant for energy metabolism, muscle and nerve function

33
Q

WHAT IS THE UVULA?

A

Hanging from its posterior border is a cone-shaped muscular structure called the uvula which functions in the swallowing process and prevents food from backing up into the nasal area.

34
Q

WHAT IS UMAMI?

A

identified by Japanese researchers. It detects MSG (monosodium glutamate), a distinct flavor popular in Asian foods.

35
Q

HOW MANY INCISORS ARE THERE?

A

Eight- the front teeth

36
Q

WHAT IS THE HARDEST SUBSTANCE IN THE BODY?

A

enamel

37
Q

WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR SWALLOWING?

A

deglutition

38
Q

DESCRIBE THE ESOPHAGUS

A

a collapsible, muscular tube that is situated behind the trachea or windpipe. It is about 10 inches (23 to 25 cm) long and begins at the end of the laryngopharynx

39
Q

DESCRIBE THE PYLORUS

A

is the narrow inferior region that connects with the duodenum of the small intestine via the pyloric sphincter.

40
Q

DESCRIBE THE PARIETAL CELLS

A

secrete hydrochloric acid

41
Q

DESCRIBE KUPFFER CELLS

A

phagocytose (eat) certain bacteria and old, worn-out white and red blood cells.

42
Q

WHAT IS THE GALLBLADDER FOR?

A

is to store and concentrate the bile produced by the liver lobules until it is needed in the small intestine

43
Q

WHAT IS THE FIRST PART OF THE SMALL INTESTINE?

A

duodenum, which is the shortest part and is about 10 inches long

44
Q

WHAT IS CHIME? (chyme)

A

Chyme is the name of the digested contents of the small intestine.

45
Q

WHAT IS THE FIRST PART OF THE LARGE INTESTINE?

A

cecum

46
Q

WHAT DOES THE LIVER DO?

A

 It produces heparin, prothrombin, and thrombin.
 Its Kupffer cells phagocytose bacteria and worn-out blood cells.
 It stores excess carbohydrates as glycogen.
 It stores copper, iron, and vitamins A, D, E, and K.
 It stores or transforms poisons into less harmful substances.
 It produces bile salts that emulsify or break down fats

47
Q

WHAT DO THE CHIEF CELLS SECRETE?

A

Aka zymogenic, secrete the principal gastric enzyme pepsinogen

Week 11 (9 decks)

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