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VN 22 Med Surg 1 > VN 22 Test 4 > Flashcards

VN 22 Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Diuretic nutrition
A

Potassium Foods for potassium wasting
• Bananas
• Oranges
• Tomatoes
• Potatoes
• Spinach
Potassium sparing
•Avoid potassium
•restrict sodium

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2
Q
  1. Potassium wasting diuretic: Causes/AE and drug name
A

• Hypokalemia (see bradycardia, fatigue and muscle twitching)
• Toxicity (see tinnitus, dizzy )
• Hyperglycemia (risk for high blood sugar)
• Photosensitivity

Ex. Furosemide and bumetomide

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3
Q
  1. Potassium wasting diuretic: Nursing actions
A

• Increase potassium foods
• Monitor potassium lab 3.5-5.0
• Monitor Toxicity
• Monitor blood sugar
• Avoid the sun and wear sunscreen
• Take in the AM
• Monitor vital and output( monitor dark amber urine)
• Monitor weight

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4
Q
  1. Potassium Sparing diuretic: Causes/AE and drug name
A

• Hyperkalemia (see ECG: Tall T waves, dysrrhythmias, increase blood sugar, muscle cramps or numbness/ tingling in extremities)
• Gynecomastia (excess breast tissue in men)
• Menstrual problem
• Sexual dysfunction

Ex. Spironolactone

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5
Q
  1. Potassium Sparing diuretic: Nursing action
A

• Hook them up to 12 lead ECG
• Avoid potassium foods and sodium

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6
Q
  1. Categories of HTN
A

Normal: less than 120/less than 80
Elevated 120-129/less than 80
Stage 1: 130-139/80-89
Stage 2: greater than 140/ greater than 90

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7
Q
  1. Beta blocker: Causes
A

• Bradycardia (lowers the heart rate first)
• Bottom out BP (Hypotension; risk for falls)
• Bronchi restrictions (Avoid COPD and Asthmatic clients)
• Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia; Avoid diabetic clients)

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8
Q
  1. Beta blocker: nursing action
A

• Monitor vitals before administering medication

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9
Q
  1. HTN nutrition
A

• Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol
• Low fat
• Low cholesterol
• Low sodium diet-2gram
• Fluid restriction
- lose weight if obese

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10
Q
  1. Risk for heart failure
A

• Uncontrolled hypertension
• MI/CAD/Cardiomyopathy/High LDL
• Heavy alcohol use
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Cocaine or other drugs
• Smoking
• Advanced age

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11
Q
  1. Complications of hypertension
A

• Stroke (CVA)
• Renal disease/failure
• Cardiac failure/MI/CAD

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12
Q
  1. Ace inhibitors: Causes
A

• Electrolyte imbalance (Hyperkalemia); Monitor electrolyte and EKG (Monitor Tall T waves); No salt or added potassium
• Angioedema (allergy reaction)
• Hypotension (risk for falls)
• Expected Adverse Effect: Dry cough (May switch if not control with ARBS)

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13
Q
  1. Ace inhibitors: nursing action
A

• Monitor Vital signs for hypotension
-monitor EKG
-Restrict potassium and sodium
- Rebound HTN if stop abruptly
-Monitor BUN and Creatinine

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14
Q
  1. Thiazide: Causes and drug name
A

• Hypokalemia (increase potassium)
• Chemically similar to Sulfonamides (ask for allergies)
• Hypotension (risk for falls)

Ex. Hydrochlorthaizide

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15
Q
  1. Thiazide: nursing action
A

• Increase potassium foods
• Monitor Labs Potassium

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16
Q
  1. Digoxin: Causes
A

• Toxicity (Sx: Nausea, vomiting, visual changes, and Anorexia)
• Diglband is the antidote
• Clients on loops diuretic or thiazides are at risk
• Older the client the higher the risk for toxicity
• Contraindication with St.John Wort

17
Q
  1. Digoxin: Nursing Action
A

• Check Apical pulse (hold if less than 60)
• Check digoxin level (0.8-2.0)

18
Q
  1. Manifestations of left side HF
A

• Hypoxemia
• Exertional dyspnea (first symptoms)
• Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (Sleep with several pillows in bed or in a chair)*
• Orthopnea
• Pulse rapid or irregular
• Moist crackles
• BP elevated
• Cough with pink, frothy sputum
• Hemoptysis
• Urine output diminished

19
Q
  1. Acute left sided heart failure
A

• Pulmonary edema
• Hypoxia
• Restlessness
• Confusion

20
Q
  1. Manifestations of right sided HF
A

• Gradual unexplained weight
• Dependent pitting edema
• Ascites
• Hepatomagaly
• Jugular vein distention
• Peripheral edema
• Enlarged abdominal organs
• Fluid retention: Rings, shoes, or clothing become tight

21
Q
  1. Accumulation of blood in abdominal organs manifestations
A

• Anorexia
• Nausea
• Flatulence

22
Q
  1. Heart failure lab value
A

BNP: a good indicator for heart failure (it will be elevated) less than 100 is within normal limits

23
Q
  1. Medical management for HF
A

• Reduce the hearts workload, improve cardiac output

24
Q
  1. Interventions for HF
A

• Dietary modification
• Daily weight; 2-3 lbs
• Sudden swelling should be reported
• High Fowlers
• Gradual exercise; do not rush it

25
Q

HTN management

A

Exercise
Weight loss
Reduce smoking and alcohol
Low sodium/fat

VN 22 Med Surg 1 (14 decks)

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