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Viticulture > VMW101 Lesson 2 > Flashcards

VMW101 Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name for part of the graphed that is clipped in order to be grafted onto a root stock

A

Scion

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2
Q

Refers to the specific area where Vitis Vinifera is bonded with Vitis root stock

A

Graft union

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3
Q

The lower part of a grapevine. Typically an American species or hybrid?

A

Rootstock

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4
Q

What is a rootstock?

A

A cutting taken from a vine usually a native North American species or cross, that serves as a root system for a scion after grafting

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5
Q

What is a scion?

A

A cutting from a vine usually a V. vinifera grafted onto Rootstock of another vine.

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6
Q

What is the difference between shoots and canes

A

Shoots are green canes and canes are after they harden off

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7
Q

Where is the head located

A

At the top of the trunk in between the cordons

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8
Q

What are the two parts that make up the canopy

A

Leaves and grape bunches

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9
Q

True or false a cordon is an arm?

A

True

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10
Q

True or false shoots and canes could be referred to as arms

A

True

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11
Q

What does own rooted referred to

A

Roots from the Vitis vinifera

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12
Q

Non-V. vinifera roots are referred to as what?

A

Root stock

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13
Q

What are the five main functions of a rootstock?

A
  1. Physically stabilizes the plants
  2. Collects water
  3. Collects and stores nutrients
  4. Stores carbohydrates.
  5. Produce plant growth regulator’s
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14
Q

The major function of fine roots

A

To absorb as much H2O in nutrients as possible

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15
Q

Find roots are also referred to as

A

Feeder roots

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16
Q

What is the size of feeder roots

A

.10- 1mm in diameter

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17
Q

Where are most of the find Roots located

A

In the first 2 feet of soil

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18
Q

What is the main function of woody roots

A

Anchors DeVine absorbs a little H2O nutrients

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19
Q

How deep can Woody roots grow

A

90 to 100’ if there’s no impediments

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20
Q

What are the three primary Meristems

A

protoderm, ground meristem, and Procambium

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21
Q

What are three root stocks

A

V. Riparia, V. Rupestris, and V. Berlandieri

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22
Q

6facts about V. Riparia (native to Midwest USA)

A 
Found along river banks.
Shallow roots not drought tolerant 
High resistance to water logging
Poor line tolerance 
Early budding and to harvest 
Low vigor 
Often used as parent rootstock.
Cold hardy to -25F
Tolerance to phylloxera
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23
Q

6 facts about rupestris

A 
Native to SW USA
Almost extinct in the wild
Found in rocky creek beds 
Vigorous rootstock 
Drought tolerant 
Phylloxera tolerance
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24
Q

6 facts about V. Berlandieri

A 
Native to Texas and E. Mexico
Lime tolerant 
Drought tolerant 
Not good in wet soils
Breaks bud and ripens late
Difficult to graft
Exclusionary to K+ in soil
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25
Q

3309, 101-14, and Schwarzmann

A

Common root stock for our area V. Riparia x V. rupestris

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26
Q

101.14 is know for what

A

High water log tolerance, not drought resistant and low vigor.

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27
Q

RG OR Riparia Gloire is know for what?

A

Early ripening , not drought tolerant water-log tolerance.

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28
Q

Explain the scion, graft union and Rootstock

A

Explain all three

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29
Q

Graph union is located usually ____inches above the ground level

A

6 inches

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30
Q

Graft union is susceptible to what

A

Physical damage, bacterial disease ( crown gall)

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31
Q

What is the head

A

Top of the vine which either spurs , canes or cordons emanate. The head is usually 6inches below the fruiting wire

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32
Q

Canes

A

The vine shoot from the period it matures (turns brown from lignification) until the end of the second year of growth.

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33
Q

Cordon.

A

an arm or trunk extension positioned horizontally or at an angle to the main axis of the trunk. (A cane that is >2 years old.

34
Q

Spur

A

A short cane possessing 2-4 buds

35
Q

Shoot

A

The vegetative stem of the current year that bears the leaves, tendrils and fruit

36
Q

Lateral shoot

A

The side branches of a shoot or cane

37
Q

Node

A

The enlarged portion of a shoot where leaves, tendrils and flower clusters and buds originate.

38
Q

Internodes

A

The interval along a shoot between two adjacent nodes

39
Q

How many parts to a leaf

A

2

40
Q

Blade

A

Broad portion of the leaf

41
Q

Petiole

A

The stem of the leaf that attached the blade to the shoot

42
Q

Tendrils

A

A twining modified shoot that originates in the leaf axil

43
Q

What is the worlds.most people planted variety and how much

A

Kyoto 365,000 ha

44
Q

How many ha are planted of cab sauv?

A

341,000 hectares

45
Q

What are the top ten world wine grapes to be produced

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Airén

46
Q

What are to 3 growers in California

A

Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Zinfeandel

47
Q

New world typically labels to ______ vs Old world that labels to _______

A

Variety and region

48
Q

Common white blend in Alsace

A

Riesling, Pinot gris and Guwertraminer

49
Q

Burgundy/Chablis common grapes

A

Pinot noir/ Chardonnay

50
Q

Champagne

A

Pinot noir and Pinot meunier/ Chardonnay

51
Q

Bordeaux

A

Cab,merlot,franc,Verdot and Malbec /Sauvignon blanc and Semillon.

52
Q

Rhône

A

Syrah,Grenache, Mourvèdre

Viognier marsanne, Rousanne

53
Q

Rioja

A

Tempranillo

54
Q

Tuscany

A

Sangiovese

55
Q

How many names of Cultivars are there in the world and how many unique cultivars are there?

A

24,000 and 4,000

56
Q

Malbec also goes by the name_____

A

Cot

57
Q

Chenin blanc goes by the name ____

A

Steen

58
Q

Syrah,______

A

Shiraz

59
Q

Pinot noir, ______

A

Spatburgunder

60
Q

What is a gene and 3 examples of them?

A

A portion of DNA that encodes for a trait e.g. pigment, flavors/aromas, and growth habits.

61
Q

What is an Allele and 3 examples of it?

A

a form of variation from the gene. E.g. red fruit, white fruit, tan fruit, and grey fruit/black pepper, floral,eucalyptus or green peppers/ upright or prostrate

62
Q

Flower cap or________

A

Calyptra

63
Q

The part that hold the grape flower to the stem

A

Pedicel

64
Q

Part that holds pollen and part that holds that part, together know as______

A

Anther and filament, stamen

65
Q

Above the pedicel, but below the ovary?

A

nectary

66
Q

Under flower cap

A

Stigma

67
Q

Under stigma

A

Style

68
Q

Under style

A

Ovary

69
Q

Inside the overt we have what parts?

A

Egg, embryo sac sperm, pollen tube

70
Q

How many years does it take to prove a new grape cultivar

A

13 years

71
Q

What are the steps of creating a new grape variety

A

Crossing equals resistance time susceptibility, phenotypes election, agronomic selection, Microvinification, Field trails in different sites, variant protection and licensing, and marketing in trade

72
Q

What is Ampelography

A

The field of botany concerned with the identification and classification of grapes

73
Q

In what year was V. vinifera’s genome completely sequenced? What number food plant was it to be sequenced

A

2007 and 2nd

74
Q

How did completely sequencing Vitis vinifera Help

A
  • Breeding new cultivars
  • introducing disease resistance and existing cultivars
  • Understanding grapevine physiology
75
Q

Pinot Noir is one of the most unstable grape cultivars it’s parentage is still unknown it’s one of the worlds oldest cultivars who cultivated Pinot Noir in what year? When was it known as Pinot noir? You need to unique facts

A

Roman 100AD
By 14th century
It is thought to be only one or two generation removed from the wild counterpart and it has more clones and any other Cultivar more than 100

76
Q

What percentage of yearly fungicides are used on grapes alone

A

67%

77
Q

The cross between two cultivars of a single species

A

Hybrid

78
Q

The cross between a Vitis vinifera and North American grape species

A

French-American hybrid

79
Q

What are three effort caused by breeding French-American hybrids

A

Resistant to disease cold tolerant and improvement of fruit quality

80
Q

In what year did French noticed that American grapevines were resistant to phylloxera?

A

1860s

81
Q

What three American route stocks were initially bread with Vitis vinifera

A

V Rupestris, V labrusca, v aestivalis

Viticulture (2 decks)

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