VL16-20 Flashcards
an organized group of people whose member interact frequently and have a common territory and culture
society
refers to companionship or friendly association with others, an aliance, a community or a union
society
to fully understand the true character of society, they imagined humans as living in a so called “natural state” removed from modernity and civilization
the social contract theory
removed from modernity and civilization
natural state
persons in their natural states are governed by their desires and these often leads to conflict with their fellowmen
thomas hobes
agreement where individuals sacrifice their freedom and submit to a higher authority
social contract
persons in their natural state as more cooperative and reasonable and that society is formed through consent of individuals that organize it
john locke
it is covenant among individuals to cooperate and share the burden of upholding the welfare of society
consent of the governed
this is based on the assumption that the people have empowered the government to act on their behalf and that is considered to be the best judge of what is most beneficial for society
general will (jean jacques rousseau)
he defined the social contract and explained that human beings approach social cooperative in a rational manner in order to meet their individual self-interest
john rawls
he imagined humans as “veil of ignorance” or no knowledge of one’s own characteristics
original position (john rawls)
personal identity persist over time because you remain in the same body from birth to death
body theory
personal identity persist overtime because you retain memories of yourself at different points. and each of those memories is connected to one before it
memory theory (john locke)
argued that there is no you that is the same person from birth to death
david hume
each of us has a psychological connectivity with our selves over time
derek parfit
none of the you that existed at birth is still around
derek parfit
the relation that a thing breaks only to itself
identity
if two things are identical
identity relation
they share the same identity-they’re literally one and the same
identical
he came up with the principle that might help to solve of who batman is
gottfried wilhelm leibniz
if any two things are identical, then they must share all the same properties
indiscernibility of identicals
core elements needed for a thing to be the thing that it is
essential properties
traits that could be taken away from an object without making it a different thing
accidental properties
“you can’t step at the same river twice”
heraclitus
