Viva Crash Course Flashcards

1
Q

Phases of breath delivery/variables:

A
  1. Trigger (how it begins)
  2. Control or target (preset)
  3. Cycling (how it ends)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Common triggers:

A
  1. Time trigger
  2. Flow trigger
  3. Pressure trigger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Control variable

A

Defines which aspect of inspiration is the primary variable controlled by the ventilator during inspiration
(pressure and flow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a trigger variable?

A

Variable which determines when a ventilator initiates a machine-driven breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 control variables:

A
  1. Flow

2. Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Calculate compliance

A

Compliance= ^Volume/ ^Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 Cycling variables:

A
  1. Flow
  2. Volume
  3. Time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 breath types:

A
  1. Mandatory
  2. Assisted
  3. Spontaneous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe mandatory breaths (trigger/support)

A

Triggered by the ventilator with full level of support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe assisted breaths (trigger/support)

A

Triggered by the patient, either full support or partial support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe spontaneous breaths (trigger/support)

A

Non-triggered and no support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tidal volume

A

Volume of each breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Respiratory rate:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

I:E Ratio

A

The ratio of inspiratory time to expiratory time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fi02

A

The fraction of inspired oxygen delivered on inspiration to the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PEEP is?

A

Residual airway pressure at the end of inspiration

17
Q

Why is humidification important

A
  1. Warm and moisten gas to facilitate cilia action and mucous removal
  2. Prevent drying and irritation or mucosa
  3. prevent solidification of secretions
18
Q

Describe CMV

A

Controlled mandatory ventilation

Breaths = mandatory; nil pt trigger

Requires deep sedation and paralysis so is not usually used outside of OT

19
Q

Describe assist-control ventilation

breath type, trigger, cycle

A

Mix of machine (mandatory) or patient (assisted) triggered breaths, but ALL ARE CYCLED by the VENTILATOR.

Ventilator senses inspiratory effort by the patient and responds by delivering breath.

Patient can vary RR, but a backup rate is set to prevent hypo ventilation.

20
Q

Disadvantages of assist-control ventilation:

A

Can lead to:

  1. Resp alkalosis
  2. Auto-peep
  3. Hypotension in ^ventilating pts
21
Q

Advantages of Assist control ventilation

A

activation of the diaphragm with patient triggering

22
Q

SIMV (stands for?) uses what breaths?

A

Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation

Preset minimum number of mandatory breaths (Pi or VC) AND also allows spont breaths inbetween

23
Q

Describe the 3 breaths in SIMV

A

Mandatory breaths: non-synchronized, time triggered, time cycled)

Synchronized breaths: non-sychronized, pressure or flow triggered, time cycled)

Non- Synchronized breaths: Pressure or flow triggered, flow cycled)

24
Q

Difference between AC & SIMV spontaneous breaths?

A

AC- Full support

SIMV - Partial support

25
Q

Cycling variable:

A

What signals the ventilator to terminate ventilation

26
Q

Volume controlled ventilation

A

Flow (preset tidal volume) delivered to the airway is constant. Changes in airway resistance or compliance results in
variable pressures

27
Q

Pressure control

A

Pressure delivered to the airway is constant regardless of airway resistance or compliance
(variable tidal volumes)

28
Q

Pressure control ventilation indications:

A

Patients with particularly high chance of barotrauma

29
Q

Pressure control ventilation

A

Mandatory breaths only, patient unable to trigger

Time: pressure:time

30
Q

Pressure support ventilation

A

No mandatory breaths, all patient triggered

Pressure applied by the vent augments patient effort during the breath

31
Q

Time variable

A
32
Q

COPD patients may do better with what trigger?

A

Flow

33
Q

With volume controlled ventilation, when will the ventilator cease inspiration?

A

After the preset volume has been delivered

34
Q

With flow cycled ventilation, when will the ventilator cease inspiration?

A

After airflow drops below a preset threshold, typically approx 25% peak flow

35
Q

With time cycled ventilation, when will the ventilator cease inspiration?

A