Viva

Question 1

VBI TEST

Answer 1

• inadequate blood flow through the posterior circulation of the brain to the basilar artery that control balance and movement

• Insufficient blood to brain causing ischemia/stroke or even death

• Look at the cranial nerves

Smell – olfactory
Hearing – vestibulocochlear
Vision - optic
Taste/face muscles– trigeminal

Dizziness

Diplopia/ double vision

Dysarthria/ speaking

Dysphagia/ swallowing

drop attacks
nausea
vomiting

Question 2

SLUMP TEST

Answer 2

1. a neural tension test used to detect altered neurodynamic or neural tissue sensitivity.
2. By increasing the tension throughout the peripheral nervous system to reproduce patient’s symptoms
3. If cervical extension relieves symptoms - indicative of increased neural tension

+ increase in neural tension or at spinal nerve root irritation is positive

Question 3

Explain reflex arc

Answer 3

1. Hit the tendon it picks up sensory input (afferent)
2. Which travels down the afferent pathway to dorsal root ganglia?
3. where it synapses and goes to the grey matter in the central nervous system
4. motor response is sent via efferent pathways to causes an involuntary contraction.

Question 4

Myotomes

Answer 4

• a specific muscle which is innervated by single spinal nerve root testing the peripheral nervous system.
• Isometric hold for 10 seconds looking for muscle weakness of nerve origion
Input is via the ventral root which controls motor skills

Question 5

Dermatomes

Answer 5

• An area of skin innervated by a single nerve root.
• identify areas of skin which relate to spinal nerve root origin.
• finds sensory loss and problems with dorsal root related to radiculopathy

Question 6

Grade levels

Answer 6

1. Grade I – small amplitude movement at the beginning of the available range of movement.
2. Grade II – large amplitude movement at within the available range of movement.
3. Grade III – large amplitude movement that moves into stiffness or muscle spasm.
4. Grade IV – small amplitude movement stretching into stiffness or muscle spasm.

Question 7

What do you do before and after treatment

Answer 7

Clinical Indicator: to assess range and symptom response before and after treatment
pain is limiting factor treat pain first.

Objective marker: how far they can move to see for improvement or worsening.

Test movement: baseline end point to determine grades.

Question 8

Pain gate

Answer 8

Meccano receptors A-beta fibres travel to the second neuron faster than the nociceptor to damp pain signal.