Contraindications

Question 1

Active Inflammatory Disease

Answer 1

Rheumatoid Arthritis when the immune system attacks the bones causes weakness.

Question 2

Bone disease

Answer 2

Osteoporosis - weakens bones, making them fragile and more likely to break.

Osteomalacia- bones become soft and weak.

Paget’s disease- a chronic (long-lasting) disorder that causes bones to grow larger and become weaker than normal.

Question 3

Unhealed fractures

Answer 3

Cause re-injury disrupt healing

Question 4

Gross Neurological signs such Cauda Equina lesion

Answer 4

compression in the lumbar and sacral plexuses
which provide motor and sensory innervation to the entire lower limb

such as loss of bowel or bladder control, saddle anesthesia (numbness around the groin)
difficulty with balance or walking

nerve roots stemming from the distal end of the spinal cord, typically levels L1-L5
resemblance to a horse’s tail

Question 5

medication/ steroids

Answer 5

helps with arthritis but Increases risk of bone fractures and necrosis (bones dies due to no blood)

Question 6

Spondylolithesis

Answer 6

vertebra slip forward/ overuse herniated disc causes compression L4-5

radiculopathy -numbness, tingling, pain, weakness in the legs

Question 7

Anticoagulant therapy

Answer 7

Are used If a blood clot blocks the flow of blood through a blood vessel, the affected part of the body will become starved of oxygen and will stop working properly

Can cause heart attack stroke DVT

Question 8

Malignancy involving Vertebral
column

Answer 8

bone tumor affect both the bone and the surrounding soft tissue can damage nerves in spinal cord cancer that spreads

Question 9

Hypermobility

Answer 9

more ROM higher risk of injury and radiculopathy

Question 10

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency (VBI)

Answer 10

In adequate blood flow through the vertebral artery travelling through the foreman in the transverse processes of the spine connecting to the circle of Willis and basiral archery which controls the facial head and neck muscles

• Insufficient blood to brain causing ischemia/stroke or DVT(blood clot) or even death

Roger Carey 2009 research found that mechanical pain was a result of vascular artery’s

5d and 2n are late red flags
High blood pressure
Cardiovascular issue
Obesity
with neck pain

• Look at the cranial nerves can affect conditions such as stroke

Smell – olfactory
Hearing – vestibulocochlear
Vision - optic
Taste/face muscles– trigeminal