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kevin zraly's windows on the world complete wine course > Viticulture > Flashcards

Viticulture Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 3 different sizes of climate from large to small.

A
  1. Macroclimate - an entire region
  2. Mesoclimate - a particular vinyard
  3. Microclimate - a single row or even a specific vine
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2
Q

Name the important climate types for vine growing.

A
  1. Continental (cool) - characterized by strong annual variation in temperature.
  2. Maritime (moderate) - influenced by a large body of water. Temperatures are mild, but fluctuate from year to year.
  3. Mediterranean (warm)- Summers are hot and dry, but summers are mild along the coast due to cold water currents.
  4. High Desert (hot)
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3
Q

Define “diurnal shifts

A

The difference between average daytime high and nighttime low temperatures.

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4
Q

Name the climate moderators.

A
  1. Bodies of water

2. Mountains

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5
Q

What is a rain shadow?

A

A dry area on one side of a mountain opposite the wind, rain, and generally poor weather.

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6
Q

What are the most important properties of various soil types?

A
  1. Water drainage
  2. Water retention
  3. Sun reflection
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7
Q

Name examples of different soil types.

A
  1. Granite
  2. Limestone/chalk
  3. Marl
  4. Schist
  5. Clay
  6. Sand
  7. Silt
  8. Gravel
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8
Q

What do the grape skins contribute to wine?

A
  1. Tannins
  2. Color - color molecules are different for each grape variety
  3. Flavor - the most important aromas and flavors are located in the skins
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9
Q

What does the pulp of the grape contribute to wine?

A
  1. Water
  2. Sugar
  3. Acids
  4. Seeds/Pips can produce bitter flavors if pressed
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10
Q

Name 3 species of grape used in wine production.

A
  1. Vitis labrusca
  2. Vitis riparia
  3. Vitis vinifera
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11
Q

Where is vitis vinifera native to?

A
  1. The Mediterranean
  2. Europe
  3. SW Asia
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12
Q

How many varieties of vitis vinifera are there?

A

10,000

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13
Q

What is viticultural propagation?

A

Grape vine breeding.

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14
Q

What are hybrids?

A

Vines of 2 or more different species combine to produce a new variety. (Activity: research an example of a hybrid.)

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15
Q

What is a cross?

A

Vines of the same species combined to create a new variety. (Research an example)

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16
Q

What is a clone?

A

Identical genetic reproductions of a single vine. (Research an example of a common grape that is known for having many clones.)

17
Q

Describe what characteristics typical grapes from a cool climate have.

A
  1. Ripen slowly
  2. Less sugar
  3. Higher acid
  4. Less alcohol potential
  5. Flavors are more tart and lean, less ripe and juicy.
18
Q

Describe what characteristics typical grapes from a warm climate have.

A
  1. Fully ripen
  2. More sugar
  3. Lower acidity
  4. Higher alcohol potential
  5. Flavors are more ripe, lush, and juicy
19
Q

What is vineyard architecture?

A

How the vines are laid out:

  1. Vine spacing
  2. Vine training. Vines are trained to grow specific ways to control grape production.
20
Q

What is green harvest?

A

Dropping or cutting unripe grape bunches off the vine before harvest to decrease yields and allow the vine to focus on higher quality bunches.

21
Q

Key elements of managing a vineyard.

A
  1. Canopy management
  2. Irrigation
  3. Pests and desease
  4. Fetilizers
  5. Anti-fungal treatments
22
Q

What are the ways to determine grape ripeness?

A
  1. Sugar
  2. Physiological ripeness - ripeness of the bunches in their totality, including stems and seeds.
  3. Tannin ripeness
23
Q

What is terroir?

A

Total set of elements that affect 1. Vine development and 2. Fruit character.

24
Q

What term refers to the climate of a single vineyard site?

A

Mesoclimate

25
Q

Name the climate moderators that can help warm a microclimate.

A
  1. Wind
  2. Rivers
  3. Soil
26
Q

What type of climate is defined by its proximity to a large body of water?

A

Maritime

27
Q

What is phylloxera?

A

A vine louse that destroyed many of the world’s vineyards in the mid-to-late 1800s.

28
Q

Name 3 positive effects of wind in a vineyard.

A
  1. Cool
  2. Warmth
  3. Drier air that can help prevent mold or rot.
29
Q

What is a rain shadow?

A

A dry area on one side of a mountain opposite the wind, rain, and generally poor weather.

30
Q

Name 3 wine regions of the world that are affected by rain shadows.

A
  1. Alsace
  2. Mendoza
  3. Washington
31
Q

Most quality grape varieties we see today are made from which vine species?

A

Vitis Vinifera

32
Q

Explain why green harvesting is practiced

A

In order to thin the vine of less ripe bunches; thus, allowing the vine to focus on the healthier bunches.

kevin zraly's windows on the world complete wine course (13 decks)

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