Viticulture

Question 1

At how many the yeasts are given in the tank for fermentation?

Answer 1

10°C difference between tanktemperature and yeast

Question 2

How long can a barrel stay unfilled in the cellar?

Answer 2

6-12 month

Question 3

Where’s vine grown (latitude)?

Answer 3

between 30° and 50° in both the northern and southern hemispheres

Question 4

How does the Winkler Index works?

Answer 4

scale divides climates into five Regions based on the number of degree days
> Degree days are calculated by multiplying the days in each month of the growing season (defined as April 1 through October 31) by the mean number of degrees over 50°F for that month
> The months’ totals are then added together to arrive at the heat summation

Question 5

How is Winkler Index also known?

Answer 5

California Heat Summation Index

Question 6

Winkler Index- Regions, limits?

Answer 6

Region Ia 1,500-2,000° days F (850-1,111° days C)
Region Ib 2,000-2,500° days F (1,111-1389° days C)
Region II 2,500-3,000° days F (1,389-1,667° days C)
Region III 3,000-3,500° days F (1,667-1,944° days C)
Region IV 3,500-4,000° days F (1,944-2,222° days C)
Region V 4,000-4,900° days F (2,222-2,700° days C)

Question 7

What’s the minimum amount of sunshine required to support viticulture?

Answer 7

1.300 hours annual

Question 8

How much rainfall is required min annually to grow vine?

Answer 8

10-30 inches (250mm min)

Question 9

What can happen if vine get waterstress?

Answer 9

• smaller berry size
• smaller yields
• interrupted ripening
• complete shutdown of the vine

Question 10

What’s the effect of wind in the vineyards?

Answer 10

• can undermine flowering
• can denude vines
• colder climate: chill can be especially devastating
• can be a detriment to mold and mildew

Question 11

What’s included in “terroir”

Answer 11

location, topography, soil, climate, and the hand of man upon
> system of the living vine

Question 12

About what you have to think when you think about soil?

Answer 12

• water-retention
• heat-retaining character
• soil acidity
• soiltype > influence on the grape acidity

Question 13

What’s a clone?

Answer 13

identical genetic reproductions of a single vine

Question 14

What’s a clone?

Answer 14

identical genetic reproductions of a single vine

Question 15

How works mass selection?

Answer 15

• grower select budwood for replanting from a number of vines throughout the vineyard
• attempt to reinforce positive traits and eliminate negative traits through appropriate selection
• broader genetic diversity is maintained

Question 16

What’s vine training?

Answer 16

pruning, shaping, and trellising the vine

Question 17

Classifications vinetraining

Answer 17

head-trained
cordon-trained.

Question 18

What’s cordon-training?

Answer 18

• at least one permanent cane that extends from the trunk = arm/cordon
  > It grows thick and gnarled over time
  > fruit-bearing shoots will emerge from it each season
  -generally require a trellising system
  -spur-pruned

Question 19

What’s head-training?

Answer 19

-training system
-no permanent cordon
-trunk ends in a knob, or head
-technically trellised
> commonly asserted as an alternative to trellising, synonymous with bush vines
-spur-pruned or cane-pruned

Question 20

Difference spur-pruned and cane-pruned?

Answer 20

cane pruned:
green shoot (fruiting cane) will harden > become a woody cane after a season
> along the cane are a number of buds, which will each produce a shoot during spring budbreak.

spur pruned:
spur = cane cut back to two buds > If spur-pruned: upper cane growing from a spur will be removed during winter pruning, and the lower cane growing from the same spur will be cut back to two buds, creating a new spur
>two fruiting canes each year per spur > one will become the following year’s spur