Viticulture Flashcards
At how many the yeasts are given in the tank for fermentation?
10°C difference between tanktemperature and yeast
How long can a barrel stay unfilled in the cellar?
6-12 month
Where’s vine grown (latitude)?
between 30° and 50° in both the northern and southern hemispheres
How does the Winkler Index works?
scale divides climates into five Regions based on the number of degree days
> Degree days are calculated by multiplying the days in each month of the growing season (defined as April 1 through October 31) by the mean number of degrees over 50°F for that month
> The months’ totals are then added together to arrive at the heat summation
How is Winkler Index also known?
California Heat Summation Index
Winkler Index- Regions, limits?
Region Ia 1,500-2,000° days F (850-1,111° days C)
Region Ib 2,000-2,500° days F (1,111-1389° days C)
Region II 2,500-3,000° days F (1,389-1,667° days C)
Region III 3,000-3,500° days F (1,667-1,944° days C)
Region IV 3,500-4,000° days F (1,944-2,222° days C)
Region V 4,000-4,900° days F (2,222-2,700° days C)
What’s the minimum amount of sunshine required to support viticulture?
1.300 hours annual
How much rainfall is required min annually to grow vine?
10-30 inches (250mm min)
What can happen if vine get waterstress?
- smaller berry size
- smaller yields
- interrupted ripening
- complete shutdown of the vine
What’s the effect of wind in the vineyards?
- can undermine flowering
- can denude vines
- colder climate: chill can be especially devastating
- can be a detriment to mold and mildew
What’s included in “terroir”
location, topography, soil, climate, and the hand of man upon
> system of the living vine
About what you have to think when you think about soil?
- water-retention
- heat-retaining character
- soil acidity
- soiltype > influence on the grape acidity
What’s a clone?
identical genetic reproductions of a single vine
What’s a clone?
identical genetic reproductions of a single vine
How works mass selection?
- grower select budwood for replanting from a number of vines throughout the vineyard
- attempt to reinforce positive traits and eliminate negative traits through appropriate selection
- broader genetic diversity is maintained
What’s vine training?
pruning, shaping, and trellising the vine
Classifications vinetraining
head-trained
cordon-trained.
What’s cordon-training?
- at least one permanent cane that extends from the trunk = arm/cordon
> It grows thick and gnarled over time
> fruit-bearing shoots will emerge from it each season
-generally require a trellising system
-spur-pruned
What’s head-training?
-training system
-no permanent cordon
-trunk ends in a knob, or head
-technically trellised
> commonly asserted as an alternative to trellising, synonymous with bush vines
-spur-pruned or cane-pruned
Difference spur-pruned and cane-pruned?
cane pruned:
green shoot (fruiting cane) will harden > become a woody cane after a season
> along the cane are a number of buds, which will each produce a shoot during spring budbreak.
spur pruned:
spur = cane cut back to two buds > If spur-pruned: upper cane growing from a spur will be removed during winter pruning, and the lower cane growing from the same spur will be cut back to two buds, creating a new spur
>two fruiting canes each year per spur > one will become the following year’s spur
