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Sommelier Prep Course > Viticulture > Flashcards

Viticulture Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Pros and cons of Vitis Vinifera

A

Pros
High Sugar Content
High level of acids
large concentration of tannins
complex flavors
minimal nutritional requirements
Self-pollinates

Cons
susceptible to pests and diseases
prone to mutation
degrade quickly after harvest
sensitive to extremes of climate
Weak structure is easily damaged

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2
Q

Where does Vitis vinifera grow best

A

Between 30th and 50th parallels

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3
Q

What is the anatomy of the Vitis vinifera vine

A

Canopy
Grape clusters/bunches
Flowers
Leaves
Shoots
Canes
Cordons
Head
Trunk
Rootstock

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4
Q

What is the canopy

A

The vine’s leaves and shoots
- Shade grapes
- maximize leaf exposure to sun
- allow air circulation

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5
Q

What is the grape cluster/bunches

A

The mature fruit of the grapevine in groupings

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6
Q

What is the flower

A

Emerge in spring and form groupings on shoots. They become the grapes

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7
Q

What are the leaves

A

capture energy from sun (photosynthesis)

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8
Q

What are shoots

A

branches that come off the head and cordons of the vine

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9
Q

What are canes

A

the are shoots that after harvest turn hard and woody

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10
Q

What are cordons

A

Permenant branches of the vine

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11
Q

What is a head

A

The top of the vine where the cordons originate or shoots can form

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12
Q

What is the trunk

A

The straight part of the vine that emerges from the rootstock and becomes the head

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13
Q

What is the rootstock

A

the portion of the vine that extends into the ground and pulls water, nutrients and minerals out of the soil. Usually not Vitis Vinifera

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14
Q

How are varietals formed

A

Mutation - DNA changes
Cross - pollen of one varietal is used to pollinate another varietal
Hybrid - Similar to cross but parents are different but related species
Clones - a exact DNA copy of another vine

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15
Q

What is clonal selection

A

Selecting the best genetic material avalable for the varietal

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16
Q

What is the seasonal cycle of the vine

A

Dormancy - Winter
Bud Break - Spring
Flowering - Spring
Fruit Set - Spring
Ripening - Summer
Maturity - End of summer/beginning of fall

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17
Q

What is dormancy

A

No outward signs of growth or life

18
Q

What is Bud Break

A

period when buds begin to form on head or the cordons of a vine.
Happens in spring

19
Q

What is Flowering

A

After bud break begins, tender green tendrils grow off of the shoots to form panicle

20
Q

What is panicle

A

A branched cluster of small flowers

21
Q

What is Fruit Set

A

Occurs in late spring when each individual flower becomes a small grape. The are hard, tiny and green.
Low sugar and high acid

22
Q

What is ripening

A

The process through which the grapes grow larger, gain sugar, flavor compounds and water. Determined primarily by climate conditions.
Affects 3 of major characteristics:
Acidity lessening
Increase in sugar
Thickening of juice (cause heavier wine)

23
Q

What is veraison

A

Occurs about 1 month after fruit set
Color of grape changes and turns red for varietals with pigment and grapes soften

24
Q

What is hang time

A

The period of time the grapes are kept on the vine to ripen

25
Q

How is a grape ripened in a cooler climate be different than one ripened in a warmer climate

A

Higher acid
Lower alcohol
Less body

26
Q

What is maturity

A

The time when a grape is ready for harvest.
As seeds become reproductive, flavors develop, pigments darken and tannins mature and begin to soften.

27
Q

What is a vintage

A

The year the grapes were grown and harvested.

28
Q

What does it mean to propagate

A

To grow a vine from a seed

29
Q

How does grafting work

A

a cutting from your desired wine grape is acquired from a mother vine and then using a v-cut is attached to the rootstock of a non vitis vinifera grape vine

30
Q

What are bench grafted vines

A

Vines established in grapevine nurseries

31
Q

What is trellising

A

establishing the cordons on wires and causing the T shaped vines

32
Q

What is canopy management

A

pruning the canopy to allow proper sun exposure

33
Q

What is biodynamics

A

Conducting vineyard activities (harvesting, pruning, etc) around phases of the moon

34
Q

Why do vineyards stress the vines

A

Encourage the vine to grow less grapes with more highly concentrated flavors

35
Q

What are ways to stress vines

A

Dry farming
Old vines
green harvest

36
Q

What is dry farming

A

To not irrigate. All moisture from environment

37
Q

What is green harvest

A

Cutting off a percentage of the vines grapes when they are first forming.

38
Q

What are weather influences on grapes

A

rainfall
Wind
Fog and cloud cover
daytime vs nighttime temps

39
Q

What does diurnal temperature mean

A

The combination of warm days (develop sugar content and flavor concentration) and cool nights (promote balanced acidity)

40
Q

What are components of soil type and composition

A

Drainage
Fertility
Physical Makeup
Surface effects

41
Q

what are the components of terrain

A

orientation
Elevation
Low-lying areas
bodies of water (temperature effects)

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