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2022 Wine & Beer - General > Viti > Flashcards

Viti Flashcards

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1
Q

At what temperature do vines emerge from dormancy in the spring?

A

50F

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2
Q

What is budbreak?

A

The first stage of the annual lifecycle in the spring, when shoots and leaves emerge from the buds left after pruning.

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3
Q

What is the biggest climatic concern from budbreak to fruit set?

A

Frost.

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4
Q

What is flowering, and when does it occur?

A

The blooming of the embryo bunches into flowers, occurring 6-13 weeks after budbreak.

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5
Q

How does Fruit Set occur?

A

The grapevine self-pollinates, and each fertilized bloom becomes a grape.

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6
Q

What is “shatter?”

A

Fruit set usually only occurs successfully at about 30%; the remaining embryo berries “shatter,” falling from the cluster.

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7
Q

What is veraison?

A

The transfer of the vine’s energy from vegetative growth to reproduction; indicated by the change in color on the grapes. This is also when sugars move from the leaves into the grapes.

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8
Q

What is the French term for harvest?

A

Vendange

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9
Q

What is the ideal annual temperature for viticulture?

A

50-68F, with 57F being the sweet spot

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10
Q

What is the average summer temperature required to ripen red grapes?

A

70F

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11
Q

What is the average summer temperature required to ripen white grapes?

A

66F

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12
Q

Viticulture generally exists between which latitudinal parallels?

A

30-50

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13
Q

What is the California Heat Summation Index?

A

A scale dividing climates into 5 regions based on the number of Degree Days.

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14
Q

What is the equation for Degree Days?

A

days in the month x mean # of degrees over 50F for that month. Month totals are added together to arrive at the summation.

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15
Q

What dates define the growing season?

A

April 1st to October 31st.

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16
Q

How many Degree Days in Region 1?

A

Less than 2500

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17
Q

How many Degree Days in Region V?

A

More than 4000

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18
Q

High soil pH results in what?

A

High grape acidity (low pH)

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19
Q

High soil acidity (low pH) can be counteracted by what?

A

Lime

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20
Q

What is selection massale?

A

Replanting from a number of vines throughout the vineyard, which allows the grower to select the best vines to propagate, but retains some genetic diversity in the vineyard.

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21
Q

What is clonal selection?

A

Replanting with one specific clone

22
Q

What is the minimum amount of sunshine required to support viticulture?

A

1200 hours annually

23
Q

Heat affects:

A

Sugar, acid, tannin

24
Q

Light affects:

A

Phenolic development

25
Q

What are the two main types of vine training?

A

Head-training
Cordon-training

26
Q

What kind of pruning may be used with head-trained vines?

A

Spur OR Cane Pruning

27
Q

What kind of pruning may be used with cordon-trained vines?

A

Spur pruning ONLY

28
Q

What is albarello?

A

Italian for en gobelet

29
Q

What is en vaso?

A

Spanish for en gobelet

30
Q

No. 500

A

Cow Manure
Placed in a cow horn and buried underground for the winter; in the spring the horn is dug up, the manure mixed with water and sprayed on the vines.
Stimulates growth.

31
Q

No. 501

A

Horn-Silica
Ground silica is mixed with rainwater and packed in a cowhorn, buried in the spring and dug up in autumn, then sprayed on crops.
Stimulates growth.

32
Q

What is Coulure

A

French term for Shatter

33
Q

Other Terms for Pergola (italian and spanish)

A

Tendone (italian)
Latada (spainish)

34
Q

Huglin Index

A

Like Winkler (degree growing days) plus taking Latitude into consideration (more common in EUROPE)

35
Q

How much water is needed to manage a vine?

A

10-30 inches during the growing season

36
Q

Examples of Cool Air Currents

A

Humbolt (Chile)
Bengula (South Africa)

37
Q

Example of Warm Air Current

A

Gulf Stream (Europe)

38
Q

Common Rootstock Species

A

Vitis Riparia
Vitis Rupestris
Vitis Berlandieri

39
Q

What is the difference between Crossing and Hybrids

A

Crossing (same species)
Hybrids (2 seperate species)

40
Q

What is Teinturier, Can you give an example

A

Red Grape with Red Flesh
eg. Alicante Bouchet

41
Q

What is the difference between Cane and Cordon

A

Cane- lignified shoot from previous year
Cordon- horizontal extention of the trunk

42
Q

Inflorescences

A

flower clusters that resemble immature grape clusters (unfertalized)

43
Q

Rachis

A

Stem of Cluster

44
Q

Bloom

A

Coating on grape that protects from disease

45
Q

Ampelography

A

study of identifing grapes based on morphology

46
Q

Petiole

A

Leaf Stem

47
Q

Ravaz Index

A

Ration of fruit weight : Prune Weight
(ideal is 4:10)

48
Q

Scion

A

portion of grape above the ground that is attached to the rootstock

49
Q

What is “Provignage”

A

Shoot from the neighboring vine is buried then roots becoming its own vine (impossible in Phylloxera Soils)

50
Q

Famous vineyard that uses provignage

A

Bollinger Clos Chaudes Terre + Clos Saint Jacques (Vieilles Vignes Francais)

2022 Wine & Beer - General (10 decks)

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