Viti Flashcards
At what temperature do vines emerge from dormancy in the spring?
50F
What is budbreak?
The first stage of the annual lifecycle in the spring, when shoots and leaves emerge from the buds left after pruning.
What is the biggest climatic concern from budbreak to fruit set?
Frost.
What is flowering, and when does it occur?
The blooming of the embryo bunches into flowers, occurring 6-13 weeks after budbreak.
How does Fruit Set occur?
The grapevine self-pollinates, and each fertilized bloom becomes a grape.
What is “shatter?”
Fruit set usually only occurs successfully at about 30%; the remaining embryo berries “shatter,” falling from the cluster.
What is veraison?
The transfer of the vine’s energy from vegetative growth to reproduction; indicated by the change in color on the grapes. This is also when sugars move from the leaves into the grapes.
What is the French term for harvest?
Vendange
What is the ideal annual temperature for viticulture?
50-68F, with 57F being the sweet spot
What is the average summer temperature required to ripen red grapes?
70F
What is the average summer temperature required to ripen white grapes?
66F
Viticulture generally exists between which latitudinal parallels?
30-50
What is the California Heat Summation Index?
A scale dividing climates into 5 regions based on the number of Degree Days.
What is the equation for Degree Days?
days in the month x mean # of degrees over 50F for that month. Month totals are added together to arrive at the summation.
What dates define the growing season?
April 1st to October 31st.
How many Degree Days in Region 1?
Less than 2500
How many Degree Days in Region V?
More than 4000
High soil pH results in what?
High grape acidity (low pH)
High soil acidity (low pH) can be counteracted by what?
Lime
What is selection massale?
Replanting from a number of vines throughout the vineyard, which allows the grower to select the best vines to propagate, but retains some genetic diversity in the vineyard.
What is clonal selection?
Replanting with one specific clone
What is the minimum amount of sunshine required to support viticulture?
1200 hours annually
Heat affects:
Sugar, acid, tannin
Light affects:
Phenolic development
What are the two main types of vine training?
Head-training
Cordon-training
What kind of pruning may be used with head-trained vines?
Spur OR Cane Pruning
What kind of pruning may be used with cordon-trained vines?
Spur pruning ONLY
What is albarello?
Italian for en gobelet
What is en vaso?
Spanish for en gobelet
No. 500
Cow Manure
Placed in a cow horn and buried underground for the winter; in the spring the horn is dug up, the manure mixed with water and sprayed on the vines.
Stimulates growth.
No. 501
Horn-Silica
Ground silica is mixed with rainwater and packed in a cowhorn, buried in the spring and dug up in autumn, then sprayed on crops.
Stimulates growth.
What is Coulure
French term for Shatter
Other Terms for Pergola (italian and spanish)
Tendone (italian)
Latada (spainish)
Huglin Index
Like Winkler (degree growing days) plus taking Latitude into consideration (more common in EUROPE)
How much water is needed to manage a vine?
10-30 inches during the growing season
Examples of Cool Air Currents
Humbolt (Chile)
Bengula (South Africa)
Example of Warm Air Current
Gulf Stream (Europe)
Common Rootstock Species
Vitis Riparia
Vitis Rupestris
Vitis Berlandieri
What is the difference between Crossing and Hybrids
Crossing (same species)
Hybrids (2 seperate species)
What is Teinturier, Can you give an example
Red Grape with Red Flesh
eg. Alicante Bouchet
What is the difference between Cane and Cordon
Cane- lignified shoot from previous year
Cordon- horizontal extention of the trunk
Inflorescences
flower clusters that resemble immature grape clusters (unfertalized)
Rachis
Stem of Cluster
Bloom
Coating on grape that protects from disease
Ampelography
study of identifing grapes based on morphology
Petiole
Leaf Stem
Ravaz Index
Ration of fruit weight : Prune Weight
(ideal is 4:10)
Scion
portion of grape above the ground that is attached to the rootstock
What is “Provignage”
Shoot from the neighboring vine is buried then roots becoming its own vine (impossible in Phylloxera Soils)
Famous vineyard that uses provignage
Bollinger Clos Chaudes Terre + Clos Saint Jacques (Vieilles Vignes Francais)
