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CDM 1 Exam 1 > Vitamins Uses > Flashcards

Vitamins Uses Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A (Name)

A

Retinol

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2
Q

Vitamin B1 (Name)

A

Thiamine

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3
Q

RDA

A

Recommended Dietary Allowance

Average intake lvl to meet needs of 97.5% of health ppl

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4
Q

AI

A

Adequate intake

Average Intake lvl assumed to be adequate based on observations or experiments

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5
Q

UL

A

Tolerable Upper Intake Lvl

Highest intake lvl likely to pose no adverse effects to almost all ppl

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6
Q

Vitamin B2 (Name)

A

Riboflavin

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7
Q

Vitamin B3 (Name)

A

Niacin

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8
Q

Vitamin B6 (Name)

A

Pyridoxine

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9
Q

Vitamin B9 (Name)

A

Folate (Folic Acid)

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10
Q

Vitamin B12 (Name)

A

Cyanocobalamin

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11
Q

Vitamin C (Name)

A

Ascorbic Acid

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12
Q

Vitamin D (Name)

A

Ergocalciferol

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13
Q

Vitamin E (Name)

A

Alpha-tocopherol

*Fat Soluble

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14
Q

Vitamin K (Name)

A

Phytonadione

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15
Q

Ca (Name)

A

Calcium

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16
Q

Fe (Name)

A

Iron

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17
Q

Mg (Name)

A

Magnesium

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18
Q

Zn (Name)

A

Zinc

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19
Q

Vitamin A (Use)

A

Eye Sight (AMD + Cataracts)

Fat Soluble

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20
Q

Vitamin A (Dosing)

A

UL: 3000 mcg of preformed VITAMIN A

1 mcg RAE = 1 mcg Retinol

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21
Q

Vitamin A (Adverse effects, CI, etc)

A
  • Hepatotoxicity*
  • Retinol can cause birth defects by preg women*

careful taking retinol med and supplement together

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22
Q

Vitamin C (Use)

A

Wound Healing

Absorption of iron

Immune function

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23
Q

Vitamin C (Dosing)

A

RDA = 75-90 mg/day

UL = 2g/day

200mg vit C for every 30mg of iron

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24
Q

Vitamin C (Adverse effects, CI, etc)

A

Kidney stones dose 1g/day due to water solubility

Diarrhea,Nausea, Abdominal cramps, Heartburn

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25
Q

Vitamin B2 (Use)

A

Cataracts and Migraines

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26
Q

Vitamin B2 (Dosing)

A

5-30mg daily for cataracts

400mg daily for migraines

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27
Q

Vitamin B2 (Adverse effects, CI, etc)

A

Generally well tolerated

Diarrhea at large doses (Migraine dose)

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28
Q

Vitamin B3 (Use)

A

Increase HDL

Lower TG and LDL

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29
Q

Vitamin B3 (Dosing)

A

1-3g for cholesterol treatment

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30
Q

Vitamin B3 (Adverse effects, CI, etc)

A

Flushing, Itching, Headache at ~ 50mg/Daily

Hepatotoxicity and Glucose intolerance above 1.5g Daily

not used due to side effects

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31
Q

Vitamin B6 (Use)

A

Pregnancy Induced nausea and vomiting

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32
Q

Vitamin B6 (Dosing)

A

dosed at 10-25mg TID or QID for Pregnancy N/V

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33
Q

Vitamin B6 (Adverse effects, CI, etc)

A

Sensory neuropathy, keep daily dose below 200mg

34
Q

Vitamin B9 (Use)

A

Prevention of neural tube defects (dose 400mcg/day)

Alcohol Dependency

Can reduce side effects of low dose methotrexate used for RA

35
Q

Vitamin B9 (Dosing)

A

400 mcg adults, 600 mcg during pregnancy

36
Q

Vitamin B9 (Adverse effects, CI, etc)

A

Can mask pernicious anemia

Can reduce efficacy of methotrexate when used in cancer

Anti epileptics reduce folate levels

37
Q

Vitamin B12 (Dosing)

A

Treatment dose is >100mcg, used to be given IM but PO is easier and is equivalent to most people

Technically Im absorbed better

38
Q

Vitamin B1 (Use)

A

Thiamin Deficiencies

Caused by Alcohol dependence, increased risk of Wernickes encephalopathy

39
Q

Vitamin B1 (Dosing)

A

RDA = 1.1mg
Supplement 1-2mg
Treatment = 10-300mg

40
Q

Vitamin B1 (Adverse effects, CI, etc)

A

Well tolerated

41
Q

Vitamin D (Use)

A

Bone Health (Osteoporosis & Fall Prevention)

Fat Soluble

42
Q

Vitamin D (Adverse effects, CI, etc)

A

Hypercalcemia

increased Vitamin D leads to increased calcium absorption. potential calcium buildup heart

Consider sun time/skin color/sunscreen. ppl may require more than RDA

43
Q

Vitamin E (Use)

A

Possibly effective…

Dementia and Age-related macular degeneration

44
Q

Vitamin E (Dosing)

A

2000IU/Day for dementia

400 IU/Day for AMD

45
Q

Vitamin E (Adverse effects, CI, etc)

A

Increased risk of mortality in dose >400IU daily for those with co-morbidities/CVD/old

Bleeding risk >400 IU Daily

46
Q

Vitamin K (Use)

A

Reverse Warfarin

*Fat Soluble

47
Q

Vitamin K (Dosing)

A

2.5-5mg for warfarin reversal

48
Q

Vitamin K (Adverse effects, CI, etc)

A

found in leafy veggies

49
Q

Calcium (Use)

A

Osteoporosis

Antacid

50
Q

Calcium (Dosing)

A

1000mg/Day (Adult 20-50, men 51-70)

1200mg/day (women >50, men >70)

51
Q

Calcium (Adverse effects, CI, etc)

A

Absorption saturated at doses > 500mg, so separate if larger

Calcium carbonate highest % elemental and cheapest
other forms lover % and more $$

52
Q

Iron (Use)

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

53
Q

Iron (Dosing)

A

For anemia: 100-200mg elemental iron divided into a few doses due to causing GI upset + poorly tolerated

54
Q

Iron (Adverse effects, CI, etc)

A

Nausea/Vomiting
Constipation
Abdominal Pain
Dark Poop

55
Q

Magnesium (Use)

A

Constipation

Headaches

56
Q

Magnesium (Adverse effects, CI, etc)

A

Diarrhea

Chronic PPIs and Diuretics and decrease magnesium

57
Q

Zinc (Use)

A

Common Cold
Wound Healing
AMD

58
Q

Zinc (Dosing)

59
Q

Zinc (Adverse effects, CI, etc)

A

Metallic taste, Nausea and vomiting

Avoid intranasal gel/sprays (anosmia - loss of smell)

Separate antibiotics by 3 hrs

60
Q

EAR

A

Estimated Average Requirement

Avg intake lvl estimated to meet req of half the health ppl

61
Q

1 mcg cholecalciferol =

A

40 IU Vitamin D

62
Q

Vitamin C for colds info

A

doesn’t decrease risk of catching unless chronic smoker/elderly

Taking after onset of symptoms no benefit

Prophylactic may decrease duration by 1/1.5 days

Dose: 2g better than 1g but 3g useless

63
Q

Vitamin D2 is

A

ergocalciferol

64
Q

Vitamin D3 is

A

cholecalciferol

more potent

65
Q

Vitamin D monitoring…

A 
Deficient = <12 ng/ml
Insufficient = 12-20 ng/ml
Goal = 30-60ng/ml

Expensive to regularly have done

66
Q

What Decreases absorption Iron

A

Antacids
H2 blockers
PPIs

Calcium, Coffee + Tea

67
Q

Iron interferes with absorption of…

A

Bisphosphonates
Levothyroxine
Fluoroquinolone
Tetracycline

Either separate or discontinue when taking antibiotics

68
Q

What increase absorption iron

69
Q

When should infants receive vitamin D supplement?

A

only if breastfeed, formula already contains vitamin D

70
Q

Vitamin D Dosing for 0-12 months

A

400IU or 10 mcg

71
Q

Vitamin D Dosing for 1-70y

A

600IU or 15 mcg

72
Q

Vitamin D dosing for >70y

A

800IU or 20 mcg (UL = 4000 IU or 100mcg)

73
Q

High doses of beta-carotene can lead to…..

A

skin turning yellow, harmless and it goes away

74
Q

When labels calculate total vitamin A they can….

A

combine retinol and beta-carotene into a single amount.

ex. Contains 4000mg vitamin A, 2000mg beta-carotene then assume 2000mg retinol or preformed

75
Q

What is Preformed Vitamin A

A

active form

Meat, poultry, dairy products, retinol

76
Q

What is Provitamin Vitamin A

A

not activated yet

Fruits/Veggies
Beta-carotene

77
Q

Ferrous sulfate is…

A

most common iron

325mg is 65mg elemental

78
Q

Vitamin B6 Interactions

A

Decreases Folic Acid Concentrations

Anti-epileptics may decrease B6

79
Q

B12 Deficiency is common in….

A

older adults

Pernicious anemia

strict vegetarians

80
Q

B12 Interactions

A

Acid suppression will decrease absorption (PPIs, H2R blockers)

Metformin will decrease levels

81
Q

When should B12 levels be checked for those taking metformin?

A

After 1 year on it

82
Q

Which form of calcium will have absorption affected by PPIs and is acid dependent?

A

Calcium Carbonate

CDM 1 Exam 1 (14 decks)

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