Vitamins Uses Flashcards
1
Q
Vitamin A (Name)
A
Retinol
2
Q
Vitamin B1 (Name)
A
Thiamine
3
Q
RDA
A
Recommended Dietary Allowance
Average intake lvl to meet needs of 97.5% of health ppl
4
Q
AI
A
Adequate intake
Average Intake lvl assumed to be adequate based on observations or experiments
5
Q
UL
A
Tolerable Upper Intake Lvl
Highest intake lvl likely to pose no adverse effects to almost all ppl
6
Q
Vitamin B2 (Name)
A
Riboflavin
7
Q
Vitamin B3 (Name)
A
Niacin
8
Q
Vitamin B6 (Name)
A
Pyridoxine
9
Q
Vitamin B9 (Name)
A
Folate (Folic Acid)
10
Q
Vitamin B12 (Name)
A
Cyanocobalamin
11
Q
Vitamin C (Name)
A
Ascorbic Acid
12
Q
Vitamin D (Name)
A
Ergocalciferol
13
Q
Vitamin E (Name)
A
Alpha-tocopherol
*Fat Soluble
14
Q
Vitamin K (Name)
A
Phytonadione
15
Q
Ca (Name)
A
Calcium
16
Q
Fe (Name)
A
Iron
17
Q
Mg (Name)
A
Magnesium
18
Q
Zn (Name)
A
Zinc
19
Q
Vitamin A (Use)
A
Eye Sight (AMD + Cataracts)
Fat Soluble
20
Q
Vitamin A (Dosing)
A
UL: 3000 mcg of preformed VITAMIN A
1 mcg RAE = 1 mcg Retinol
21
Q
Vitamin A (Adverse effects, CI, etc)
A
- Hepatotoxicity*
- Retinol can cause birth defects by preg women*
careful taking retinol med and supplement together
22
Q
Vitamin C (Use)
A
Wound Healing
Absorption of iron
Immune function
23
Q
Vitamin C (Dosing)
A
RDA = 75-90 mg/day
UL = 2g/day
200mg vit C for every 30mg of iron
24
Q
Vitamin C (Adverse effects, CI, etc)
A
Kidney stones dose 1g/day due to water solubility
Diarrhea,Nausea, Abdominal cramps, Heartburn
25
Vitamin B2 (Use)
Cataracts and Migraines
26
Vitamin B2 (Dosing)
5-30mg daily for cataracts
| 400mg daily for migraines
27
Vitamin B2 (Adverse effects, CI, etc)
Generally well tolerated
Diarrhea at large doses (Migraine dose)
28
Vitamin B3 (Use)
Increase HDL
| Lower TG and LDL
29
Vitamin B3 (Dosing)
1-3g for cholesterol treatment
30
Vitamin B3 (Adverse effects, CI, etc)
Flushing, Itching, Headache at ~ 50mg/Daily
Hepatotoxicity and Glucose intolerance above 1.5g Daily
not used due to side effects
31
Vitamin B6 (Use)
Pregnancy Induced nausea and vomiting
32
Vitamin B6 (Dosing)
dosed at 10-25mg TID or QID for Pregnancy N/V
33
Vitamin B6 (Adverse effects, CI, etc)
Sensory neuropathy, keep daily dose below 200mg
34
Vitamin B9 (Use)
Prevention of neural tube defects (dose 400mcg/day)
Alcohol Dependency
*Can reduce side effects of low dose methotrexate used for RA*
35
Vitamin B9 (Dosing)
400 mcg adults, 600 mcg during pregnancy
36
Vitamin B9 (Adverse effects, CI, etc)
Can mask pernicious anemia
Can reduce efficacy of methotrexate when used in cancer
Anti epileptics reduce folate levels
37
Vitamin B12 (Dosing)
Treatment dose is >100mcg, used to be given IM but PO is easier and is equivalent to most people
Technically Im absorbed better
38
Vitamin B1 (Use)
Thiamin Deficiencies
Caused by Alcohol dependence, increased risk of Wernickes encephalopathy
39
Vitamin B1 (Dosing)
RDA = 1.1mg
Supplement 1-2mg
Treatment = 10-300mg
40
Vitamin B1 (Adverse effects, CI, etc)
Well tolerated
41
Vitamin D (Use)
Bone Health (Osteoporosis & Fall Prevention)
*Fat Soluble*
42
Vitamin D (Adverse effects, CI, etc)
Hypercalcemia
increased Vitamin D leads to increased calcium absorption. potential calcium buildup heart
Consider sun time/skin color/sunscreen. ppl may require more than RDA
43
Vitamin E (Use)
Possibly effective...
Dementia and Age-related macular degeneration
44
Vitamin E (Dosing)
2000IU/Day for dementia
| 400 IU/Day for AMD
45
Vitamin E (Adverse effects, CI, etc)
Increased risk of mortality in dose >400IU daily for those with co-morbidities/CVD/old
Bleeding risk >400 IU Daily
46
Vitamin K (Use)
Reverse Warfarin
*Fat Soluble
47
Vitamin K (Dosing)
2.5-5mg for warfarin reversal
48
Vitamin K (Adverse effects, CI, etc)
found in leafy veggies
49
Calcium (Use)
Osteoporosis
| Antacid
50
Calcium (Dosing)
1000mg/Day (Adult 20-50, men 51-70)
1200mg/day (women >50, men >70)
51
Calcium (Adverse effects, CI, etc)
Absorption saturated at doses > 500mg, so separate if larger
Calcium carbonate highest % elemental and cheapest
other forms lover % and more $$
52
Iron (Use)
Iron Deficiency Anemia
53
Iron (Dosing)
For anemia: 100-200mg elemental iron divided into a few doses due to causing GI upset + poorly tolerated
54
Iron (Adverse effects, CI, etc)
Nausea/Vomiting
Constipation
Abdominal Pain
Dark Poop
55
Magnesium (Use)
Constipation
| Headaches
56
Magnesium (Adverse effects, CI, etc)
Diarrhea
Chronic PPIs and Diuretics and decrease magnesium
57
Zinc (Use)
Common Cold
Wound Healing
AMD
58
Zinc (Dosing)
.
59
Zinc (Adverse effects, CI, etc)
Metallic taste, Nausea and vomiting
Avoid intranasal gel/sprays (anosmia - loss of smell)
Separate antibiotics by 3 hrs
60
EAR
Estimated Average Requirement
*Avg intake lvl estimated to meet req of half the health ppl*
61
1 mcg cholecalciferol =
40 IU Vitamin D
62
Vitamin C for colds info
doesn't decrease risk of catching unless chronic smoker/elderly
Taking after onset of symptoms no benefit
Prophylactic may decrease duration by 1/1.5 days
Dose: 2g better than 1g but 3g useless
63
Vitamin D2 is
ergocalciferol
64
Vitamin D3 is
cholecalciferol
more potent
65
Vitamin D monitoring...
```
Deficient = <12 ng/ml
Insufficient = 12-20 ng/ml
Goal = 30-60ng/ml
```
Expensive to regularly have done
66
What Decreases absorption Iron
Antacids
H2 blockers
PPIs
Calcium, Coffee + Tea
67
Iron interferes with absorption of...
Bisphosphonates
Levothyroxine
Fluoroquinolone
Tetracycline
Either separate or discontinue when taking antibiotics
68
What increase absorption iron
Vitamin C
69
When should infants receive vitamin D supplement?
only if breastfeed, formula already contains vitamin D
70
Vitamin D Dosing for 0-12 months
400IU or 10 mcg
71
Vitamin D Dosing for 1-70y
600IU or 15 mcg
72
Vitamin D dosing for >70y
800IU or 20 mcg (UL = 4000 IU or 100mcg)
73
High doses of beta-carotene can lead to.....
skin turning yellow, harmless and it goes away
74
When labels calculate total vitamin A they can....
combine retinol and beta-carotene into a single amount.
ex. Contains 4000mg vitamin A, 2000mg beta-carotene then assume 2000mg retinol or preformed
75
What is Preformed Vitamin A
active form
Meat, poultry, dairy products, retinol
76
What is Provitamin Vitamin A
not activated yet
Fruits/Veggies
Beta-carotene
77
Ferrous sulfate is...
most common iron
325mg is 65mg elemental
78
Vitamin B6 Interactions
Decreases Folic Acid Concentrations
Anti-epileptics may decrease B6
79
B12 Deficiency is common in....
older adults
Pernicious anemia
strict vegetarians
80
B12 Interactions
Acid suppression will decrease absorption (PPIs, H2R blockers)
Metformin will decrease levels
81
When should B12 levels be checked for those taking metformin?
After 1 year on it
82
Which form of calcium will have absorption affected by PPIs and is acid dependent?
Calcium Carbonate
