Vitamins Study questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which AA is hwolly incorporated into purines?

A

glycine

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2
Q

Which amino acid is a major precursor for gluconeogenesis?

A

alanine

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3
Q

Which amino acid is a major donor of 1- carbons to THF?

A

serine (histidine, glycine, trypt)

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4
Q

Which AA are components of glutathione?

A

cysteine, glycine, glutamate

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5
Q

Which AA are BCAA?

A

leucine, valine, isoleucine

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6
Q

Which AA is synthesized in a B12 mediated rxn?

A

methionine

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7
Q

Which AA is a major fuel for enterocytes?

A

glutamine

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8
Q

Which AA are nitrogen carriers in circulation?

A

Alanine, glutamine

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9
Q

Which AA residues are hydroxylated in Vit C mediated processes?

A

proline, lysine (scurvy)

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10
Q

Which AA is a precursor to serine?

A

tryptophan

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11
Q

Which AA is a precursor to melanins?

A

tyrosine

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12
Q

Which AA is a precursor to catecholamines?

A

tyrosine

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13
Q

Which AA is a N donor in the urea cycle?

A

aspartate

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14
Q

Which AA is wholly incorporated into pyrimidines?

A

aspartate

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15
Q

Which AA are N donors in purine synthesis?

A

glycine, aspartate, glutamine

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16
Q

Which AA are N donors in pyrimidine synthesis?

A

aspartate, glutamine

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17
Q

Catabolism of which AA is impaired by phenylketonuria?

A

phenylalanine

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18
Q

Which amino acids are precursors to carnitine?

A

lysine, methionine

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19
Q

Which AA is a N donor in both purine and pyrimidine synthesis?

A

glutamine and aspartate

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20
Q

Which AA is a precursor for niacin?

A

tryptophan

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21
Q

Which AA are most important in buffering pH?

A

histidine and cysteine

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22
Q

Which AA is a product of the urea cycle?

A

arginine

23
Q

Which AA can be de-aminated?

A

glutamine, glutamate, serine, threonine

24
Q

Which AA are purely ketogenic?

A

leucine, lysine

25
Q

Which AA provides NH3 to buffer H in the kidneys?

A

glutamine

26
Q

Which AA are targeted by Vit K?

A

glutamic acid

27
Q

Which AA is a component of SAM?

A

methionine

28
Q

WHen AA are transaminated, they are converted to :

A

a-keto acids

29
Q

What are the aromatic acids? are they ketogenic or glucogenic?

A

tryptophan, phenylalaine, tyrosine. They are both ketogenic and glucogenic

30
Q

AA are positive regulators of_____ release

A

glucagon and insulin

31
Q

The essential AAs are:

A

PVT TIM HALL: phenylalanine, valine, tryptophan, threonine, isoleucine, methionine, histidine, arginine, leucine, lysine

32
Q

Which AA is key fuel for the immune system?

A

glutamine

33
Q

____ is produced in significant amounts by gut bacteria

A

ammonia

34
Q

What AA is a part of THF?

A

glutamate

35
Q

Which AA can be synthesized from homocysteine?

A

cysteine and methionine

36
Q

Which AA is used in the conjugation of bile acids?

A

taurine and glycine

37
Q

Which AA are used in phase II reactions?

A

taurine and glycine

38
Q

Which AA can be converted to Propionyl CoA?

A

isoleucine, valine, threonine

39
Q

Which AA is incorporated into heme?

A

glycine

40
Q

ID an AA that is transaminated with pyruvate in skeletal muscle

A

BCAA- leucine, isoleucine, valine

41
Q

What enzyme assists in complete oxidation of some AA in muslce and gut?

A

malic enzyme

42
Q

Which AA consitute 50% of AA leaving muscle during fasting?

A

alanine, glutamine

43
Q

Which vitamin is most closely associated with Amino group metabolism?

A

B6

44
Q

Residues of which AA are linked to biotin?

A

lycine

45
Q

Which AA is extensively used in metallothioneins?

A

cysteine (S to chelate)

46
Q

Which AA can be depleted in heavy metal toxicity?

A

cysteine

47
Q

Which AA can be converted to GABA?

A

glutamate

48
Q

What is the major source of AA in the degradation of RBCs?

A

hemoglobin

49
Q

What AA catabolism is defective in maple syrup urine disease?

A

BCAA

50
Q

Ornithine is not an AA, so it is not included in the chart T/F

A

F- just not used to make proteins

51
Q

AA biosynthesis requires C source and ____source

A

N

52
Q

Which AA are spared by the liver follow dietary absorption?

A

BCAA

53
Q

Which AA is used to construct the ring in CoQ10?

A

phenylalanine and tyrosine

54
Q

If a persons diet is rich in alanine but poor in aspartate, will they show signs of deficiency?

A

NO- can make aspartate from alanine