vitamins nutrition

Question 1

Vitamin C is considered to be ANTI..

Answer 1

scurvy

Question 2

What is the function of Vit C

Answer 2

-Co enzyme for hydroxylation reactions
(reducing agents )
-reduces Ferric to ferrous in Iron absorption
-Anti oxidant

Question 3

what are the hydroxylation reactions that VIT C
participate in

Answer 3

-Hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen
synthesis.

-Bile acid formation

-corticosteroid synthesis in suprarenal gland

-Tyrosine catabolism and synthesis of
norepinephrine and epinephrine.

Question 4

When does the vitamin C is concentrated in suprarenal gland

Answer 4

stress

Question 5

vitamin C Deficiency causes
what can cause

Answer 5

scurvy
in diet poor or
excess in need (stress)

Question 6

scurvy causes

Answer 6

Manifestations due to impaired
hydroxylation of proline and lysine in
collagen which leads to defective formation of
connective tissues, bone, cartilage and
dentine matrix

• Microcytic hypochromic anemia: may
  occur due to extensive hemorrhage and
  defective iron absorption.

Question 7

Vitamin B1 functions :

Answer 7

Co enzyme TPP and has role in
1- oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
2- transketolase in HMP

Question 8

Vitamin B1 deficiency causes :

Answer 8

Beri-beri (weakness);

Infantile beri beri: tachycardia , vomiting ,
convulsions,if not treated death

Wet beri beri (oedematous beri beri): CVS
manifestations as leg, trunk and face edema
due to heart failure .

Adult Dry beri beri ( neuritic beri beri):
CNS manifestations :muscle wasting ,
difficult walking, peripheral neuritis and finally
paralysis.

Question 9

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome :

Answer 9

Acute deficiency is seen in alcoholics
and called cerebral Beri beri

Question 10

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome causes paralysis of :

Answer 10

ocular muscles(nystagmus),.

Question 11

Wernicke-Korsakoff manifestations:

Answer 11

encephalopathy, Ataxia, confusion,

Question 12

Riboflavin (B2) charectarsitcs

Answer 12

composed of flavin ring attached to
D-Ribitol.

yellow colored
sensitive to light and high temperature,

Question 13

2 active coenzymes are produced by Riboflavin B2 :
what are their function ?

Answer 13

FMN and FAD

both acting as
hydrogen carriers in enzymatic reactions
catalaysed by oxido-reductases

Question 14

the importance of FMN and FAD are :

Answer 14

metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, some
amino acids and in respiratory chain for
ATP synthesis

Question 15

in general deficiency in B family Vitamin cause:

Answer 15

corneal vascularization
dermatitis
glossitis
Cheilosis
Anemia erythroid hypoplasia

Question 16

Niacin prevents

Answer 16

pellagra

Question 17

Niacin (nicotinic acid) and niacinamide form:

Answer 17

Both form Coenzymes :
NAD+
NADP+

Question 18

Niacin can be found in

Answer 18

widespread in plant and animal
sources: same sources as vitamin B1.

Question 19

Niacin can be synthesized from?
how much is produced ?

Answer 19

tryptophan
60 mg tryptophan —> 1 mg nicotinic acid

Question 20

NAD+
NADP+
are used as

Answer 20

hydrogen carriers for
oxidoreductases

Question 21

pellagra caused several thing :

Answer 21

-diet poor in niacin and tryptophan

-defective in absorption of tryptophan as in Hartnub disease

-high utilization as of tryptophan as in cancer

-Vitamin B6 deficiency because vitamin B6 is needed for niacin synthesis from tryptophan.

Question 22

Pellagra (rough skin): is
characterized by :

Answer 22

3 D ‘s:
diarrhea
dermatitis
dementia
and the 4th death

Question 23

diarrhea that caused by Pellagra starts with

Answer 23

glossitis (red inflamed tongue)
which is an early symptom.

there are also nausea and vomiting

Question 24

What are the areas that face dermatitis :

Answer 24

Areas exposed to sun light and mechanical pressure

show red (later brown), thick, rough and scaly
skin.

Question 25

dementia is

Answer 25

(degeneration of CNS). بله

Question 26

Vitamin B6 occurs in 3 forms are and converted to

Answer 26

pyrodoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine active coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

Question 27

identify the reactions that PLP participate in : and EX:

Answer 27

-transamination Oxalate+glutmate-->aspartate + a ketoglutrate -deamination sereine--> pyruvate +NH3 -decarboxylation histidine ---> histamine +CO2 -condensation Glycine+succinyl Coa ---> aminoglycine acid

Question 28

PLP has role in producing energy as it :

Answer 28

Deaminate serien to produce Energy

Question 29

PLP in decarboxylation and transamination is

Answer 29

Co decarboxylase Co transaminase

Question 30

PLP function

Answer 30

-coenzyme particularly for enzymes that catalyze reactions involving amino acids. -PLP is required for the synthesis of niacin from tryptophan. -PLP is required for the synthesis of neurotransmitters -PLP is covalently linked to glycogen phosphorylase -PLP is essential for synthesis of sphingolipids

Question 31

PLP is required for the synthesis of neurotransmitters includes

Answer 31

Tryptophan ---> Serotonin Tyrosine-->Dopamine ---> norepinephrine Glutamate -->Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Histidine ---> Histamine

Question 32

what can cause Vitamin B6 deficiency

Answer 32

-Alcoholics: because ethanol metabolism produces acetaldehyde that inactivates PLP. -Isoniazide (anti-tuberculous drug) -Penicillamine -Oral contraceptives cause vitamin B6 deficiency in women and their suckling infants (after long use).

Question 33

Vitamin B6 is prescrped when you giv a patient an/a ? as they form an in active complex with PLP

Answer 33

Isoniazide (anti-tuberculous drug): Penicillamine

Question 34

Maanifestations of Vit B6 deficiency :

Answer 34

Neurological symptoms: -Ocasionally sideroblastic anemia: (microcytic anemia in presence of increase serum iron) due to impaired synthesis of heme. -pellagra