nutrition

Question 1

what is nutrition ?

Answer 1

the sum of all processes in taking food and body’s assimilation and use of food

Question 2

what is nutrient ?

Answer 2

a substance of food helps in sustain bod normal function

Question 3

what is the substance can make all essential nutrition ?

Answer 3

breast milk

Question 4

define diet

Answer 4

the customary amount of food and drinks a people consume during a day

Question 5

what are the nutrient that gives energy

Answer 5

carbohydrates and lipids and protein

Question 6

what is the function of essential fatty acids and amino acids

Answer 6

used to perform special function or gives small amounts of energy

Question 7

what is the function of
vitamins and minerals

Answer 7

do not gives energy but help during the processes

Question 8

macronutrients:

Answer 8

lipids protein ,and carbohydrates

Question 9

micronutrients:

Answer 9

vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids and amino acid

Question 10

subclasses of the dietary reference intake (DRI)

Answer 10

EAR, RDA, AL, UL

Question 11

what is DRI :

Answer 11

are estimates of amounts of nutrition to prevent deficiencies and maintain optimal for health and growth

Question 12

Define the estimated average (EAR):

Answer 12

is the average daily nutrient intake level
it estimated to meet one half of the healthy individuals

Question 13

the recommended dietary allowance RDA

Answer 13

is the average daily dietary intake level sufficient to meet
the nutritions requirements of 97-98% of individuals

Question 14

what is the adequate intake

Answer 14

is set instead of an RDA
it is based on estimates of nutrient intake by a group of healthy people

Question 15

why is the AI true

Answer 15

the infants use this method

Question 16

tolerable upper intake

Answer 16

the highest average daily intake
potential risk of adverse effects may increase

Question 17

why does these designed made?

Answer 17

to ensure the micronutrients consumed sufficiently

Question 18

deficient in essential micronutrients ?

Answer 18

diet low in carbohydrates or fats

Question 19

what is the cause of diet low in protein

Answer 19

lean of the muscle mass

Question 20

on the diagram what is the healthest method

Answer 20

between AI and UL.

Question 21

DRI have special factors:

Answer 21

age and gender and other factors such as pregnancy or lactation

Question 22

when data is insufficient the experts recomend

Answer 22

AI

Question 23

Intake between EAR and RDA

Answer 23

the probability of of adequacy is 98%
in adequate 2%

Question 24

intake above RDA:

Answer 24

can be consider adequate

Question 25

intake above AI:

Answer 25

adequate

Question 26

intake between UL and RDA can be consider:

Answer 26

no risk of adverse effect

Question 27

Intake above UL have:

Answer 27

adverse effect

Question 27

Intake above UL have:

Answer 27

adverse effect

Question 28

what is the most important quantitative class of dietary fatty acids ?

Answer 28

tryglicerides

Question 29

the biological properties of fatty are determined by :

Answer 29

presence or absence of double bonds and number of double bonds and CIS-TRANS configuration of unsaturated fatty acids

Question 30

Plasma cholesterol from diet or from endogenous biosynthesis are transported as :

Answer 30

lipoproteins.

Question 31

The level of plasma cholesterol varies in response to :

Answer 31

Diet

Question 32

high LDL cholesterol means

Answer 32

HIGH coronary heart diseases

Question 33

HIGH HDL means

Answer 33

lower risks of cornary heart diseases

Question 34

the cholesterol is metabolized to be :

Answer 34

Bile salts and Steroid hormones

Question 35

*Consumption of saturated fats is associated with high levels of :

Answer 35

total plasma cholesterol LDL cholesterol, increased risk of CHD.

Question 36

how much is required to consume fatty acids is to lower CHD

Answer 36

7%

Question 37

help to decrease LDL-cholesterol , without affecting the HDL-cholesterol or the triglycerides level:

Answer 37

*Substitution of saturated fatty acids with monounsaturated fatty acids

Question 38

Polyunsaturated fatty acids They are derived from:

Answer 38

plant sources and fish

Question 39

Their effects are influenced by :

Answer 39

position of the double bonds within the molecule

Question 40

*ω-6 (omega-6) fatty acids beneifts :

Answer 40

decrease LDL when used instead of Saturated fatty acids -Decrease HDL

Question 41

the *ω-6 (omega-6) present in :

Answer 41

nuts ,avocado , olives , soybeans and various oils

Question 42

*ω-3- (omega- 3) fatty acids

Answer 42

*Reduce serum triglycerides. *Increase HDL *have little effect on LDL cholesterol level they decrease the tendency to thrombosis, and subsequently reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 43

*ω-3- (omega- 3) fatty acids present in :

Answer 43

plants and fish oil

Question 44

what can be added to infant formulae to promote brain development ?

Answer 44

*ω-3 long chain PUFA

Question 45

α-linolenic acid consumption may provide :

Answer 45

protection of CHD

Question 46

what is the trans fatty acids

Answer 46

fatty acids some of its double bonds in the trans position

Question 47

what is the effect of trans fatty acids

Answer 47

increase LDL-cholesterol , increasing the risk of CHD.

Question 48

the trans fatty acids may be present in natural food as :

Answer 48

whole milk and diary products

Question 49

how the trans fatty acids produced :

Answer 49

partial hydrogenation of vegetable oil

Question 50

examples of trans fatty acids :

Answer 50

baked products including crackers, cookies, doughnuts, breads, and products like French fries or chicken fried in hydrogenated shortening.

Question 51

how much is recommended for daily intake of trans fatty acids :

Answer 51

less than 2% of total caloric intake

Question 52

dietary cholesterol is from

Answer 52

ANIMAL SOURCES ONLY

Question 53

*Increased dietary cholesterol leads

Answer 53

increase in LDL-cholesterol however it differs from person to person.

Question 54

plant sterols benefits

Answer 54

*Reduce plasma LDL cholesterol by interfering with absorption of dietary cholesterol