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Nutrition > Vitamins / Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins / Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

vitamins

A

organic compounds needed to support metabolism. do NOT supply energy. C skeleton source. Essential except for D, K and A.

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2
Q

Fat soluble Vitamins

A

A, K, E, D

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3
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

C and B complex

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4
Q

Vit. A forms and functions

A 
Retinol and Carotenes. 
Fxns: 
vision
derm: epithelial health, mucus production, antibacterial and anti inflammatory 
transcription: regulates
Growth, devpt, reproduction
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5
Q

sources of vit. A

A

animal fats, green and orange veggies

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6
Q

Vit. A deficiency (most prominent vit. deficiency in the world)

A

Nyctalopia: night blindness due to role in phototransduction
Xerophthalmia and keratomalacia: dryness of tissues due to epithelial health role
complete blindness

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7
Q

Vit. D (D3) cholecalciferol fxns

A

maintenance of blood Ca levels.

fxns w/ PTH to increase: absoprtion from small intestine, renal absorbption and liberation from bone by osteoclasts.

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8
Q

sources of vit. D

A

fatty fish and forified diary products

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9
Q

Vit. D deficiency

A

Decreased bone mineralization
Rickets in children - enlarged head, rib cage, pelvis, joints, leg deformity,
Osteomalacia in adults - weakened bones, deformity, fxs
Poor muscle tone, restlessness and irritability

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10
Q

Vit. E (tocopherol) fxns and sources

A

Fxn: antioxidant: radical scavenger, protects cell membranes and lipids, plays role in eye and neuro fxns, inhibits platlet coag.

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11
Q

Vit. E Deficiency / toxicity

A

def: rare, possible anema
tox: associated risk of vit. K def. and decreased clotting/slow wound healing

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12
Q

Vit. K fxn

A

carboxylation of glu residues (Gla) which is involved in Ca binding, blood coagulation, bone metabolism and vascular biology.

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13
Q

Vit. K drug intercation

A

can reverse anticog activity of Warfarin

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14
Q

Vit. K def.

A

decrased coag. anemia. bleeing bruising etc.

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15
Q

water soluable vitamins

A

dissolve in water; (C and B) b comples are cofactors and enzymes for energy production

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16
Q

B1 fxn

A

thaimine.

Es: TPP = coenzyme in energy provision

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17
Q

B1 deficiencies

A 
thiamine
Beri Beri: neuro and cardio disease
optic neuropathy: vision loss 
aclocholic brain dieses
wernickes encephalopathy: most freuqent
Korsakoff's syndrome:
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18
Q

B2

A

riboflavin

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19
Q

B2 deficencies

A

riboflavin

dermatitis - stomatis, cheilosis, normochromic mornocytic anema

20
Q

B3

A

niacin

NAD and NADP

21
Q

B3 deficiency

A

niacin

pellagra: 3Ds diarrhea, dermatitis and dementia

22
Q

B3 toxicyti

A

niacin

hyperglycemia, vasodilation leading to flushin, gout

23
Q

B5

A

pantothenic acid

CoA synthesis

vague deficiency

24
Q

B6

A

pyroxidine

GABA

deficency: skin, ulceration, neuro

25
Q

B7

A

biotin

Def: britlle fingernails, hair loss, conjuctivities, dermatitis

26
Q

B9

A

folate

DNA synthesis

27
Q

B9 def.

A

folate

megaloblastic anemia
neural tube defects

28
Q

B12

A

cyanocobalamin

def: pernicious anemia

29
Q

choline def

A

fatty liver and hemorrhagic kidney necrosis

30
Q

vit. c

A

ascorbic acid - cofactor in seceral collagen synthesis rxns

31
Q

vit. c def.

A

scurvy - limey

32
Q

minerals

A

naturally occurring inorganic substances required in small amounts for normal body functions
• Typically ionic

33
Q

Sodium

A

major cation in ECF

34
Q

chloride

A

principal anion in ECF

def: vom/dia, alkaloiss, cramps

35
Q

potassium

A

principal IC cation

36
Q

Ca

A

most abundant cation in body

def: osteopenia, porosis, tetany, decreased growth

37
Q

phosphorus

A

in bone salts

38
Q

magnesium

A

in bones; rare def.

39
Q

iron

A

in Hgb; def: anemia, pallor, high HR

40
Q

iodine

A

for thyroid hormone

def: hypothyroid, cretinism, goiter

41
Q

copper

A

synthesis of hgn malanin and mylin

excess: wilson’s, kayser-fleischer rings

42
Q

zinc

A

taste and smell

43
Q

fluoride

A

bones/teeth

excess: mottling, weakening

44
Q

selenium

A

antioxidant

45
Q

chromium

A

enhances fxn of insulin;

Nutrition (5 decks)

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