Vitamins & Minerals Flashcards
[True or False]
Vitamins do not yield usable energy when broken down
TRUE
What are the Fat-Soluble Vitamins?
Vitamins, A, D, E, K
What type of vitamins are absorbed like fat, into the lymphatic system? They are stored in larger quantities and less vulnerable to cooking losses
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
What are the Water-Soluble Vitamins
8 B-Vitamins, and Vitamin C
What type of vitamins are absorbed into the bloodstream, stored in small amounts, and vulnerable to cooking losses
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin that is absorbed directly into the blood
Water-soluble vitamins
Vitamins that is absorbed first into the lymp; then the blood
Fat-soluble vitamin
Vitamin the can travel freely inside the body
Water-Soluble Vitamin
Vitamin that required protein carriers to move in the body
Fat-Soluble Vitamin
Vitamin that circulates freely in the water filled parts of the body
Water-Soluble Vitamin
Vitamin that is stored in the cells associated with fat
Fat-Soluble Vitamin
Vitamins that kidneys detect and remove excess in urine
Water-Soluble Vitamin
Vitamins that less readily excreted; tend to remain in fat-storage sites
Fat-Soluble Vitamin
Vitamins that is likely to reach toxic levels when consumed from supplements
Water-Soluble & Fat- Soluble Vitamins
Vitamins needed in frequent doses (perhaps 1 to 3 days)
Water-Soluble Vitamin
Vitamins needed in periodic doses (perhaps weeks or even months)
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Means to replace lost nutrients
Enrichment
Means to add extra nutrients (not in the food item to begin with)
Fortification
Vitamins in foods in an inactive form
Provitamins
How much of the PDRI or RENI is needed for a food to be considered fortified
1/3
Vitamin antagonists or pseudovitamins
Often related to the biologically active vitamins in terms of chemical nature
Substances that interfere with the synthesis or metabolism of the vitamins
Antivitamins
Antivitamins are often found in?
Raw foods like egg white
Common functions of this are:
▪︎ normal exchange of materials between body fluid compartments
▪︎ contractility of muscles
▪︎ transmission of nerve impulses
▪︎ oxidative processes and metabolic reactions
▪︎ digestive processes
▪︎ normal bloid clotting
▪︎ maintenance of pH
Minerals
Found in the human body in amounts larger than 5 grams in a reference individual
Minerals
Minerals needed by the body in larger amounts, 400-1000 mg
Major Minerals
Major minerals
- Calcium
- Phosphorus
- Potassium
- Sulfue
- Sodium
- Chloride
- Magnesium
Major minerals that influence the body’s fluid balance
Plays a role in maintaining homeostasis
Jet member of the team if nutrients involved in regulating blood pressure
Sodium, chloride, and potassium
Major minerals that participate in many reactions involving glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and the vitamins
Phosphorus and Magnesium
Major minerals that combine to form the structure of bone and teeth
Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium
Major minerals that plays an important role in helping strands of protein to assuje a functional shape
Skin, hair, nails contain some of the body’s more rigid proteins, which contains high content of this mineral
Sulfur
Minerals needed by the body in smaller amounts, 1.5-27 milligrams or lower
Minor Minerals
Minor Minerals
- Iron
- Zinc
- Iodine
- Selenium
- Copper
- Manganese
- Fluoride
- Chromium
- Molybdenum
Minor mineral that is an integral part of the protein hemoglobin
Iron
Minor mineral that helps form hemoglobin
Copper
Carries oxygen to the different parts of the body
Copper
Minor mineral that is also vital in the formation of heme in hemoglobin
It also liberates Vitamin A from the storage in the liver
Zinc
Minor mineral that is the component of the thyroid hormone that regulate growth and development
Chromium
Minor minerals that functions as part of several metal-containing enzymes
Molybdenum
