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SFM - Biochem - Quiz 1 > Vitamins and Related Deficiencies > Flashcards

Vitamins and Related Deficiencies Flashcards

1
Q

What is vitamin A?

What is its solubility?

L7 S27

A

Retinol/al/oic acid

Mostly related to vision and epithelial maintenance

Lipid soluble

Teratogenic

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2
Q

What is the result of vitamin A deficiency?

What are the causes?

L7 S30

A

Retinol

Clincial manifestations:

  • night blindness
  • xerophthalmia (failure to produce tears; irritation)
  • Bitot’s spots (conjunctival abnormality)
  • corneal xerosis (dryness)

Cause:

  • fat malabsorption and liver cirrhosis (alcohol)
  • severe malnutirion
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3
Q

What is vitamin B1?

What is its solubility?

L7 S16

A

Thiamine

Water soluble

Forms cofactor TPP used in:

  • pyruvate dehyrognease complex (pyruvate -> acetyl CoA)
  • branched chain amino acid catabolism
  • transketolase (PPP)
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4
Q

What is wet Beriberi?

What are the causes?

L7 S16

A

Vitamin B1 deficiency (cardiac effects)

Clinical manifestations:

  • heart failure
  • peripheral edema
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5
Q

What is dry Beriberi?

What are the causes?

L7 S16

A

Vitamin B1 deficiency (neurologic effects)

Clinical manifestations:

  • muscle wasting
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • confusion
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6
Q

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

What are the causes?

L7 S16

A

Vitamin B1 deficiency (typically secondary to alcoholism leading to poor absorption)

Clincial manifestaitons:

  • ataxia
  • nystagmus/ophthalmoplegia
  • confusion
  • psychosis
  • confabulation
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7
Q

What is vitamin B2?

What is its solubility?

L7 S17

A

Riboflavin

Water soluble

Forms coenzyme FAD and FMN used in:

  • dehydrogenases
  • oxidation/reduction reaction
  • ETC
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8
Q

What is the result of vitamin B2 deficiency?

What are the causes?

L7 S30

A

Ariboflavinosis

Usually undetected

Clinical manifestations:

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9
Q

What is vitamin B3?

What is its solubility?

L7 S18

A

Niacin

Water soluble

Forms coenzyme NAD+ and NADP+

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10
Q

What is Pellagra?

L7 S18

A

Vitamin B3 deficiency (no NAD(P)H)

Clinical manifestations (4D’s):

  • diarrhea
  • dermatitis (sun exposed areas)
  • dementia
  • death
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11
Q

What is vitamin B5?

What is its solubility?

L7 S19

A

Pantothenic acid

Used in CoA synthesis

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12
Q

What is the result of vitamin B5 deficiency?

L7 S19

A

Caused by extreme starvation (exceptionally rare)

Clinical manifestaitons (burning feet syndrome):

  • dermatitis
  • numbness
  • paresthesia
  • dysthesia
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13
Q

What is vitamin B6?

What is its solubility?

L7 S19

A

Pyridoxine

Water soluble

Forms cofactor pyridoxal phosphate used in:

  • aminotransferase
  • heme synthesis
  • conversion of Try to vitamin B3 (niacin)
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14
Q

What is the result of vitamin B6 deficiency?

L7 S20

A

Clinical manifestaitons:

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15
Q

What is vitamin B7?

What is its solubility?

L7 S19

A

Biotin

Water soluble

Cofactor for carboxylation enzymes

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16
Q

What is the result of vitamin B7 deficiency?

A

Biotin

Can be cause by excessive consumption of raw egg whites which contain avidin, a biotin binding protein

Clinical manifestations:

  • dermatitis around eyes, nose, and mouth
  • conjunctivitis

-alopecia

-neurologic symptoms

17
Q

What is vitamin B9?

What is its solubility?

L7 S22

A

Folic acid

Water soluble

Forms cofactor THF used in:

  • pyrimidine synthesis
  • methylation
18
Q

What is the result of vitamin B9 deficiency?

L7 S22

A

Folic acid

Quickly depleted in alcoholics and pregnancy

Side effect of several drugs

Clinical manifestations:

19
Q

What is vitamin B12?

L7 S23

20
Q

What is the result of vitamin B12 deficiency?

What is a major cause?

L7 S23

A

Cobalamin

Causes:

-terminal ileum resection

Clinical manifestations:

  • pernicious anemia
  • homocysteinemia
  • neuropathies
21
Q

What is vitamin C?

What is its solubility?

L7 S24

A

Ascorbic acid

Water soluble

Cofactor for:

  • collagen synthesis
  • neurotransmitter produciton
22
Q

What is vitamin C deficiency?

L7 S24

A

Scurvy

Occurs in complete lack of citrus fruits and green vegetables

Clinical manifestations:

  • petechiae, perifollicular hemorrhage, bruising
  • gingivitis
  • impaired wound healing
  • arthralgia
23
Q

What is vitamin K?

L7 S26

A

Phylloquinone and menaquinone

Essential factor for proper blood clotting.

24
Q

What is the result of vitamin K deficiency?

L7 S26

A

Clinical manifestation:

  • bleeding issues
  • osteoporosis
25
Q

What is vitamin D?

L7 S13

A

Ergo/cholecalciferol (vitamin D2/3)

Vitamin D3 more bioavailability

Synthesis dependent on sunlight

Functions in calcium maintenance:

  • GI calcium absorbtion
  • Renal calcium and phosphate retention
  • bone resorption
26
Q

What is rickets?

L7 S14

A

Occurs in children

Clinical manifestations:

  • bowed legs
  • delayed growth
  • muscle weakness
  • thickened wrists

SFM - Biochem - Quiz 1 (16 decks)

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