(DSA1) Biomolecules Flashcards
What are the fasting and fed blood glucose levels that are normal or indicative of hypoglycemia or diabetes mellitus?
DSA1 S5 LO1a
Normal:
- fasting 70-100mg/dL
- fed <140mg/dL
Hypoglcemia:
-<60mg/dL
Diabetes mellitus:
- fasting >126mg/dL
- fed >199mg/dL
What is the clinical significance of sugar alcohols and what are examples of these?
DSA1 S9 LO1a
Also referred to as sweeteners.
Significance:
- poorly absorbed
- low calorie
- don’t contribute to tooth decay
Examples:
- erythritol
- xylitol
- mannitol
- sorbitol
What is the cause of lactose intolerance?
DSA1 S3 LO1a
Deficiency of lactase which leads to inability to digest lactose.
What are the lipid-soluble vitamins?
DSA1 S16 LO1b
- A
- D
- E
- K
What are Isoprenoids?
DSA1 S17 LO1b
Structures derived from IPP (isopentenyl phyophosphate) which is itself derived from acetyl CoA.
Examples include:
- steroids
- lipid-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K)
- CoQ
How are gallstones formed?
DSA1 S18 LO1b
Excess cholesterol and insufficient bile salt resulting in crystallization.
What are the nonpolar amino acids?
DSA1 S21 LO1c
GAPVIL MWF
- glycine
- alanine
- proline
- valine
- isoleucine
- leucine
- methionine
- tryptophan
- phenylalanine
What are the polar amino acids?
DSA1 S21 LO1c
QT SYNC
- glutamine
- threonine
- serine
- tyrosine
- asparagine
- cysteine
What are the negatively charged (acidic) amino acids?
DSA1 S21 LO1c
- aspartic acid (D)
- glutamic acid (E)
What are the positively charged amino acids?
DSA1 S21 LO1c
- arginine (R)
- histidine (H)
- lysine (L)
What is the daily protein turnover of the average adult?
DSA1 S21 LO1c
Postive:
- consumption ~100g
- production ~400g
Negative:
- degradation ~400
- production of amino acid derivatives ~30g
- excretion (variable)
How are disulfide bonds formed?
What are the nonpolar amino acids?
DSA1 S21 LO1c
Oxidation of sulfhydryl groups of AA cysteine resulting in a bond forming between the sulfurs of two cysteine residues
