Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards
What are the contributing factors to Vitamin Deficiency?
- Inadequate Intake
- Poor dentition, hard swallowing, dry mouth
- Loss of taste, smell or sight
- Inability to buy/prepare
- Anorexia
- Lack of Knowledge
What are the goals of vitamin supplementation?
- Prevent Deficiencies
- Replenish stores
- Maintain nutritional status
Deficiency states require?
Medical supervision
Pharmalocigal therapy for deficiency?
- Once daily MVM
- No more than 100% DRI (50-150%) (Dietary Reference Intake)
- Dont exceed UL (Upper Intake Level)
- Great or equal to 4
The body cant tell the difference between synthetic and _____ vitamin
natural
What are the Fat Soluble Vitamins?
- A
- D
- E
- K
Water soluble Vitamins?
- B1-12
- Vitamin C
Under supervision you can have up to ____ grams of niacin (B3) per day for cholesterol
8 grams
What are some causes of Riboflavin (B2) Deficiency?
- Poor intake
- Alcoholism
- Preggy
- B-complex Deficiency
How would you know if someone at Vit C deficiency?
- Tired
- Capillary hemorrhage
- Swollen gums
- Bone change
- Bad wound healing
- Scurvy
DRI-
EARs
RDAs
AIs
ULs
- Dietary Reference Intake
- Estimated Average requirement
- Maintenence
- Adequate intake
- Upper intake level
How would you know if someone had a vitamin K deficiency?
unusual bleeding
Prolonged PT
Beriberi is a syndrome caused by ____ deficiency
- thiamin (B1)
Chromium is for?
Insulin but no evidence
Cobalt?
Vitamin B12
Copper?
Wilsons Disease
Fluoride?
Someone drinking well water
Iodine?
Related to thyroid hormones
Zinc?
No evidence but for colds
Iron Side Effects?
Counseling Points?
Black Stool
Empty Stomach, betetr absorption, can take with food if having issues though, keep out of reach of children b/c toxic
Vitamin A deficiency causes?
Celiac, Crohns, infections, poor fat absorption
Function of Vitamin A
Growth, reproduction, normal bone development, organe function, glycoprotein synthesis
Conjuctivia, Retina, Cornea
How does vitamin A deficiency present itself?
- Night Blindness
- dry eye
- follicular hyperleratosis
- loss of appetite
- impaired taste
- Smell equilibrium
Vit A toxicity risk factors?
Chronic kidney/liver disease
low body weight
protein
malnutrition
alcohol
Vit C Deficiency
Symptoms of Vit A toxicity
Headaches, double vision (diplopia), Nausea/vom, Vertigo, fatigue, drowsiness
Vitamin Ds
Calcitrol does what?
When I think of vitamin D i think of?
D3-Cholecalciferol
D2-Ergocalciferol
Maintains calcium in the body
Function of Vitamin D?
Bone formation, mineral homeostasis
Hearth health, diabetes, allergies, asthma
How to Vit D deficiency present itself?
Ca abnormalities
Rickets, osteomalacia, muscle weakness
Vit D UL
4000
Vit D toxicity symptoms
Anrexia, hypercalcemia, tissue calcification, kidney stones
Vitamin E
Tocepherols, tocotrienols
Function of Vitamin E
Antioxidants-protects cell from membranes
Vit E deficiency populations
Low birth wt premature infants, poor fat absorption
Vitamin E deficiency presentation
Neurologic abnormalities, peripheral neuropathy, intermittent claudication, muscle weakness, hemolytic anemia
Vitamin E toxicity Symptoms
CHF, Stroke, Fetal loss
Vit K function
Clotting factor synthesis and activation, osetocalcin activation
Vit K deficiency causes?
poor absorption
Vit K deficiency presentation
Unusual Bleeding, prolonged PT
Vit K rish food
liver, Vegatable Oil, Leafy Grean vegatables
Vit K DRI?
there is no? and it doesnt have?
increases risk of ____ in ____ patients
90-120
No UL or toxicity symptoms
increases stroke risk in warfarin patients
How is Vitamin C deficiency caused?
What is the function of vitamin C?
Diet causes deficiency
It is an antioxitant, amino acid metabolizer, and an iron absorber
Vitamin C toxicity symptoms
Nausea, cramps, diarrhea, kidney stones, hemolysis, rebound scurvy
The Red Naked Pan Python Fights Coxs
Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Panthothenic Acid, Pyroxidine, Folic Acid, Cobolamine
Function of Vitamin B1
Fromation of acetyl0Coa and other biochemical conversions, myocardial and nerve cel function
