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PHPR 661 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common cold?

A

It is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. Usually occur from fall to spring

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2
Q

How are common colds transmitted?

A

Self-inoculation, most common way. Contact with contaminated surface.
-Inhaled

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3
Q

Susceptibiliy is increased ?(COLD)

A

by higher exposure rates, Allergic disorders affecting nose and pharynx. Stress, weekend immune system. Sleep deprivation

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4
Q

What are the differences between the flu and colds?

A

In the flu temperature is usual along with fatigue, and ache and pain

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5
Q

Nonpharmacologic Therapy COLD

A

Increase humidity, fluids, rest…….

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6
Q

Pharmacotherapy COLD

A 
Decongestants
treat sinus and nasal congestion
Mechanism of Action
    - Alpha-adrenergic agonists 
- Stimulation of alpha receptors cause constriction of blood vessels, which decrease vessel enlargements and edema
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7
Q

Systemic Nasal Decongestants

A

Pseudoephedrine
more effective than phenylephrine,
well absorbed after oral admin.

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8
Q

Topical Nasal decongestants? pg 18

A
  • Naphazoline
  • Oxymetazoline
  • Phenylephrine
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9
Q

Rhinitis Medicamentosa? pg 18

A
  • Rebound congestion
  • Associated with topical decongestants
  • Topical decongestants should only be used for 3-5 days
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10
Q

Is runny nose and swelling due to histamine?

A

No those symptoms are not

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11
Q

Why dont 2nd generation antihistamines have any effect on the common cold?

A

Because there isnt any cholinergic activity

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12
Q

Ingredients of local anesthetics?

A

-Benzocaine
- Dyklonine
- Menthol
- Phenol
Effective for sore throat symptoms

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13
Q

Name 2 NSAIDs

A

Naproxen, Ibuprofen

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14
Q

Max dose of ibuprofen self admin?

A

1200 mg/day

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15
Q

Max dose of ibuprofen prescribed?

A

3200 mg/day

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16
Q

Daily Ibuprofen dose?

A

200 - 400 mg every 4 to 6 hours prn

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17
Q

Maximum OTC dose for naproxen

A

660 mg

Max Rx dose = 1000mg

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18
Q

Daily naproxen dose?

A

220 mg 6-8 hrs

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19
Q

Acetaminophen max OTC dose?

A

3250 mg/ day

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20
Q

Adult acetaminophen dose?

A

325- 1000mg q 4 to 6 h

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21
Q

What are some risks of NSAIDs?

A
  • Stomach Bleeding, Ulcer
  • High Blood Pressure
  • Fluid Retention
  • Kidney (nephrotoxicity) and Heart Problems
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22
Q

What is QuEST? pg 29

A

Quickly/Accurately assess the patient
Establish that the patient is a good self care candidate
Suggest appropriate strategy
Talk with patient

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23
Q

What is SCHOLAR? 30

A 
S- Symptoms
C- Characteristics
H- History 
O- Onset (when did this begin) 
L- Location 
A- Aggravation Factors 
R- Remitting Factors
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24
Q

What is MAC

A

M-edications- Meds patient is taking
A-llergies- To meds or anything
C-ondition- Coexisting health conditions

25
Q

What are some concerning fever symptoms?

A
  • Change in Mental Status
  • Cannot stay hydrated (children)
  • Severe infection
26
Q

What temperature is too high with a child less than 3 months of age?

A

100.1 *F

27
Q

What temperature is too high with a child more than 3 months of age?

A

104*F

28
Q

How long is too long to have a fever? less than 2 years old

A

For more than 24 hours

29
Q

How long is too long to have a fever? Older than 2

A

3 days

30
Q

Non Pharma approach to treating fever

A

Drink lots of fluids and possibly take a sponge bath

31
Q

OTC Pharma treatment for fever?

A

Antipyretics-
Acetaminophen
Ibuprofen
Naproxen (not for

32
Q

When should you refer a patient to the a doctor pertaining to a fever?

A

If the patient is >2 after 3 days

33
Q

How many days is too long for a headache?

A

10 days

34
Q

What are some concerning headache symptoms?

A

Severe head pain

Signs of Stroke, head trauma, substance abuse (secondary HA)

35
Q

A physicians diagnoses is need for what type of headache?

A

Migraine

36
Q

What OTC medicine should be used for a migraine?

A

NSAID, Salicylate, Cafeine, Magnesium supplement (preventative)

37
Q

What OTC meds should be used for tension-type headaches

A

Acetaminophen, NSAID, Salicylate, Cafeine

38
Q

Sinus Headache OTC meds?

A

Acetaminophen, NSAID, Salicylate, Decongestant

39
Q

NSAIDs have a side effect of hypertension. What reasons would need to be present for a patient to not be a NSAID canditate?

A
  • Uncontrolled HTN
  • Patient taking drugs that can also cause hypertension.
  • Patient is on several ANTI-HTN meds
40
Q

NSAIDS have the side effect of Kidney Disease. WHat types of patients should not take NSAIDs.

A
  • Elderly >65 yo
  • Known renal dysfunction
  • Patient is also taking meds that are Nephrotoxic
41
Q

NSAIDs can cause GI bleeding. What patients shouldnt take them?

A

Elderly > 65

  • Taking meds that increase bleeding risk (warfarin)
  • Alcohol use
  • Hx of GI bleeding or PUD
42
Q

NSAIDs can cause cardiovascular disease. WHat patients should not take them?`

A
  • History of Midocardial Infarction, Stroke, Heart Failure (HF), Peripheral Vascular Disease (PAD)
  • Other CVD risk factors
43
Q

NSAIDs can have allergic RXNs. What patients should not take them?

A

Hx of Asthma

Known allergy to ASA (Acetylsalicylic acid) or NSAIDs

44
Q

NSAIDs can be nephrotoxic especially when combined with?

A

ACE Inhibitors (lisinophril, Enalapril, Ramipril)
Think PRIL!
Hypertension Drugs

45
Q

What drugs interact with NSAIDs?

A

-Warfarin
- Antiplatalets
- Salicylates
-Aspirin
- AntiHypertension (ACE and Diuretics)
-Lithium
- Methotrexate
- Digoxin
(mostly related to bleeding risk and renal function)

46
Q

What is Allergic Rhinitis?

A

Systemic Disease with predominant nasal symptoms.

47
Q

Where is histamine most highly concentrated?

A

Skin, lungs, GI

- Concentration increases wherever there is an increase in mast cells.

48
Q

Mast cell degranulation releases what? What phase is this in allergic rhinitis?

A

Histamine

Early phase

49
Q

WHat are outdoor triggers of allergic rhinitis?

A

Pollen
Mold spores
Pollutants

50
Q

Exclusions for self care? Allergic Rhinitis

A

Less than 12
Pregnant Lactating
Symptoms of uncontrolled asthma or COPD

51
Q

Nonpharm AR treatment?

A

Allergen avoidance

Nasal wetting sprays

52
Q

Intranasal Corticosteroids

A

May take up to 1 week to see symptom control

- 2 sprays in each nostril per day

53
Q

WHat are antihistamines?

A

Compete with H1 receptor preventing, helps keep histamine receptor in inactive form

54
Q

Intermittent Allergic Rhinitis or seasonal allergic rhinitis

A

Symptoms are

55
Q

Persistent Allergic Rhinitis

A

longer than 4 weeks or 4 days per week

56
Q

Name the 4 1st generation Antihistamines

A

Brompheniramine (Dimetapp)
Chlorpheniramine
Clemastine (travist)
Diphenhydramine (benadryl)

57
Q

Name the 3 2nd gen Antihistamines

A

Ceterizine (Zyrtec)
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Loratadine (Claritin)

58
Q

What are the 3 classifications of coughs?

A

Acute 8 weeks

59
Q

Pharmacological cough treatment

A

Oral Antitussives: When cough provides no useful functions

Codeine, Dexmethorphan, Diphenyhydramine

PHPR 661 (10 decks)

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