Vitamins And Deficiency

Question 1

Intravenous nutrition - is given to a patient when? What are the two methods that it can be given? How is it infuse??

Answer 1

• given when adequate nutrition is not possible
• given through two methods: supplemental parenteral nutrition( addition to ordinary feeding)
  Or total parenteral nutrition (TPN): sole source of nutrition

Infused through a central venous catheter or a peripheral vein

Question 2

IV nutrition usually contains what??

Answer 2

Amino acids, glucose,fat, electrolytes,trace elements and vitamins

Question 3

Contents of an IV- what does the protein do?? What is the preferred carb? What do the phosphates do?? What’s the fructose and sorbitol for» what are the fat emulsions for??

Answer 3

• protein - given as a synthetic L-amino acids - source of energy
• preferred carb - glucose(infused through a central venous catheter to avoid thrombosis)
• phosphate - for phosphorylation of glucose and preventing hypophophataemia
• fructose + sorbitol - prevents hyper solar hyperglycaemic non- ketotic acidosis
• fat emulsions: high energy to fluid volume ration (not to mix in additives)

Question 4

Vitamin A - Retinol - fat or water soluable?? What can defeiecy lead to» avoid in who because it’s tetrode if?? What is it found in??

Answer 4

Fat soluble
Deficiency - ocular defects and increased risk of infections
- avoid in pregnancy (teratogenic)
-cheese,eggs,oily fish ,milk yoghurt,liver and liver products

Question 5

Vitamin D -fat or water soluable?? What are some of its names?? What can deficiency lead to?? Deference’s occurs when you have less of what?? What are the normal doses?? What foods is it found in?

Answer 5

Fat soulable
Colcalciferol, ergocalciferol
- deficiency leads to rickets
- deficiency occurs in reduced sunlight and diet intake
- normal dose is 10mcg, 400UI
- Oily fish,red meat,liver,egg yolk
Fortified cereals

Question 6

Vitamin E - Fat or water soluable?? What can deficiency lead to?? What is it usually found in?? What’s its name??

Answer 6

Fat soluble
Tocopherol
Deficiency leads to neuromuscular abnormalities
Plants,oils,seeds,nuts wheat germ

Question 7

Vitamin K fat or water soluable?? What is its water soluable derivative

Answer 7

-phytomenadione - fat soluble
-blood clotting factors -reversal agent for warfarin
-menadiol ( water soluable derivative) given orally in malabsorption syndromes
- green leafy veg,veg oils and cereal grains

Question 8

Vitamin C - chemical name? Is it water or fat soluable? What can deficiency lead to?? What does it help with in the body? What kinds of foods is it found in??

Answer 8

Ascorbic acid
Water soluble
Deficiency leads to scurvy
- helps with wound healing and maintains healthy skin,blood vessels, bone and cartilage
- oranges,pepper,strawberries,black currant,broccoli,sprouts and potatoes

Question 9

Vitamin B - water or fat??? What is b1,b2,b6,b12 used in and treating?? Where are they found??

Answer 9

Water soluable
B1-Thiamine - wernickes encephalopathy
B2 - riboflavin - keeps skin,eyes and the nervous system healthy
B6- pyridoxine - treats peripheral neuropathy associated with isoniazid
B12- hydroxocoalbumin - used in the treatment of megaloblastic anaemia
- found in meats,cereals and veg