Vitamins

Question 1

Differentiate between fat solvable vitamins and water soluble vitamins

Answer 1

fat soluble vitamins are normally stored In food that contains fat and can be stored in the body for serval months A D E K
Water soluble vitamins are found in a variety of food and not stored in the body B and C

Question 2

What is the two forms of vitamin A

Answer 2

Retinol- pure vitamin A
Easily absorbed and stored in the liver

Beta-carotene- pro vial in A
Not easily absorbed and converted to retinol in the lining of the intestine

Question 3

What is 3 properties of Retinol

Answer 3

A yellow fat-soluble alcohol
Destroyed by oxygen
Insoluble in water

Question 4

What is 3 properties of beta-carotene

Answer 4

Insoluble in water
A yellow fat soluble oil
Unaffected by oxygen

Question 5

What is 3 sources of Retinol and beta-carotene

Answer 5

Retinol - fish liver oils milk and eggs

Beta - carotene - carrots tomatoes red peppers

Question 6

3 functions of Vitamin A

Answer 6

Aids growth and development of children
Helps maintain healthy skin and mucous membranes of the body e.g eyes
Beta-carotene acts as an antioxidant that counteracts the effect of free radicals

Question 7

Deficiency effect of vitamin A

Answer 7

Night blindness whereby a person struggles to see in dim light dye to a lack of rhodopsin
Stunted growth in children leaving them smaller than average height their age
Damage to cells by free radicals increasing risk of cancer CHD and stroke

Question 8

Differentiate between the two types of vitamin D

Answer 8

Cholecalciferol D3 : an animal form of vitamin D created when Uv lights shins on the skin converting 7 dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol

Ergocalciferol : a plant form of vitamin D created when UV light shines on fungi and yeast converting ergosterol into Ergocalciferol used in vitamin supplements

Question 9

Properties of vitamin D

Answer 9

Most stable vitamin of all 
Fat soluble 
Insoluble in water 
Heat stable 
Unaffected by acids alkalis and oxygen

Question 10

3 sources of vitamin D

Answer 10

Oily fish
Eggs
Butter

Question 11

Functions of vitamin D

Answer 11

Controls absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the blood
Regulates amount of calcium and phosphorus in the bones and teeth maintaining density and strength
Regulates calcium levels in blood if blood calcium levels are low stimulates the productions of a calcium binding protein needed to absorb more protein

Question 12

Effects on diffidence of vitamin D

Answer 12

Increased risk of bone diseases such as rickets osteoporosis and tooth decay

Question 13

What is hypervitaminosis

Answer 13

Fat soluble vitamin stored in liver for several months
If diet contains excess intake of vitamin A or D they accumulate in the liver to toxic levels leading to hypervitaminosis
Symptoms in A include birth defects miscarriage And enlarged liver
Symptoms in D include vomitting weight less and can lead to death

Question 14

3 properties of vitamin c

Answer 14

Most unstable of all vitamins
Water soluble
Antioxidant

Question 15

4 food sources of vitamin c

Answer 15

Oranges
Kiwis
Strawberries
Lemons

Question 16

Functions of vitamin C

Answer 16

Assists in the absorption of iron as it chemically changes femic Iron to ferrous iron
A powerful antioxidant that can counteract the damaging effects if free radicals
Promote which wound- healing
Maintains the immune system by helping white blood cells and to fight illness and infection

Question 17

3 effects of deficiency of vitamin c

Answer 17

Anaemia may occur due to reduced absorption or iron needed to make haemoglobin
Wounds take longer to head which increases risk of infection
Risk of damage to cells by free radicals increasing risk of cancer CHD and strokes

Question 18

What is folate and folic acid

Answer 18

Folate: a natural form found in blood

Folic acid: a synthetic form used to make supplements

Question 19

3 properties of folate and folic acids

Answer 19

Water soluble
Insoluble in fat
Unaffected by acids

Question 20

3 food sources of folate and folic acids

Answer 20

Leafy green vegetables
Offal
Wholemeal bread

Question 21

Functions of folic acid

Answer 21

Needed during pregnancy to form brain and foetus and close end for spinal cord

Works well with vitamin B12 to from red blood cells

Maintains immune system by helping white blood cells fight illness and infection

Question 22

Effects of deficiency of folate and folic acid

Answer 22

Neural tube defects such as spins bifida occurs when the base of the spine fails to close cause paralysis of lower limbs

Feelings of tiredness and fatigue due to lack of red blood cells