Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamin A

Answer 1

Retinol
function: vision, epithelium
deficiency due to: malnutrition, fat malabsoportion,
clinical manifestations: night blindness, metaplasia of corneal epithelium, xerophtalmia, etc

Question 2

Vitamin B1

Answer 2

Thiamine
function: coenzyme for pyruvate dehydorgenase, a-ketoglutarate
deficiency due to: alcoholism
clinical manifestations: Wernicke’s: ataxia, nystagmus
Korsakoff: confabulations
BeriBeri: Dry- muscle wasting
BeriBerbi: Wet- cardiac failure

Question 3

Vitamin B2

Answer 3

Riboflavin
function: coenzyme for FAD/FMN
deficiency due to: poor diet, malabsorption
clinical manifestations: magenta colored tongue cheilosis/stomatitis

Question 4

Vitamin B3

Answer 4

Niacin
function: coenzyme for NADH & NAPDH
Synthesized from tryptophan
deficiency due to: Hartnup (no tryptophan), malnutrition
clinical manifestations: Pellagra (4 D’s: Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis, Death)

Question 5

Vitamin B5

Answer 5

Pantothenic Acid
function: coenzyme A synthesis
deficiency due to: EXTREME starvation
clinical manifestations: dermatitis, numbness, muscle cramps, hypoglycemia

Question 6

Vitamin B6

Answer 6

Pyridoxine
function: converted to pyridoxal phosphate aminotransferase rxns
deficiency due to: isoniazid therapy
clinical manifestations: sideroblastic anemia (iron cannot go to heme)

Question 7

Vitamin B7

Answer 7

Biotin
function: carboxylation enzymes
deficiency due to: too much raw egg consumption
clinical manifestations: rashes, bowel inflammation, muscle pain

Question 8

Vitamin B9

Answer 8

Folic Acid
function: tetrahydrofolate
deficiency due to: alcoholism, pregnant women (leads to neural tube defects)
clinical manifestations: macromegablastic anemia, homocystemia

Question 9

Vitamin B12

Answer 9

Cobalamin
function: co-enzymes
deficiency due to: pernicious anemia, resection of part of SI, restricted veg diet
clinical manifestations: Megaloblastic anemia, neuropathiesis

Question 10

Vitamin C

Answer 10

Ascorbate
function: collagen synthesis, iron reabsorption, antioxidant
deficiency due to: no citrus fruit or leavy green veggies
clinical manifestations: SCURVY(poor wound healing, increased bleeding time, bleeding gums, etc)

Question 11

Vitamin D

Answer 11

calcitriol
function: bone integrity
deficiency due to: poor diet, no sunshine
clinical manifestations:
Childhood: rickets (delayed growth, bowed legs, muscle weakness) Adults: ostomalacia