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SPM (ARSH) > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin E (tocopherol) deficiency?

A
  • Hemolytic anemia
  • neurological symptoms
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2
Q

What is the bioactive form of vitamin D?

A

Calcitriol (requires sunlight for activation)

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency?

A

Pellagra (3Ds – dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia [hallucinations])

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4
Q

What is the function of vitamin B9?

A
  • Cofactor for 1C metabolism
  • Important in DNA/AA synthesis/Beta-oxidation of FAs
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5
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency?

A
  • Cheilosis – inflammation at lips/scaling
  • Corneal vascularization
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6
Q

What is the function of vitamin D?

A
  • Maintains Ca++/PO4-2
  • Bone mineralization (low [Ca++])
  • Bone resorption (high [Ca++])
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7
Q

What are the causes of vitamin K deficiency?

A
  • Not in breast-milk (babies require injection at birth)
  • prolonged use of antibiotics decrease levels
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8
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency?

A
  • Impaired glucose breakdown (ATP depletion)
  • Wet Beri Beri – cardiac issues
  • Dry Beri Beri – neurological issues
  • Wernicke Encephalopathy – seen in alcoholics (decrease in TPP, increase in pyruvate, increase in lactic acid)
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9
Q

How long is vitamin B12 stored for and where?

A
  • 3 years
  • liver
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10
Q

What is the function of vitamin B5?

A

Component of CoA and fatty acid synthesis

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of excess in vitamin A?

A

Teratogenic (cleft palate/cardiac abnormalities)

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12
Q

What is the function of vitamin B3?

A
  • Cofactors in redox reactions
  • treats dyslipidemia (lowers LDL, increases HDL)
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13
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency?

A
  • Convulsions
  • microcytic/sideroblastic/hypochromic anemia
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14
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin B7 deficiency?

A

None

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15
Q

What is the bioactive form of vitamin B6?

A

PLP

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin K (phylloquinone) deficiency?

A

None

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin B9 (folate) deficiency?

A

Macrocytic/megaloblastic anemia

18
Q

Who are the two at risk populations of vitamin B9 (folate) deficiency?

A

pregnant women (spina bifida/neural tube defects) and alcoholics

19
Q

What are the symptoms of excess in vitamin C?

A

Iron toxicity with increased absorption

20
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin D deficiency?

A
  • Rickett’s (bowlegs)
  • oesteomalacia (bone pain)
21
Q

What are the symptoms of excess in vitamin B3?

A

Flushing (release of PGs)

22
Q

What is the function of vitamin B1 (thiamin)?

A

Cofactor in:

  • Pyruvate DH
  • Alpha-KG DH
  • Transketolase
  • Branched chain alpha-keto acid DH
23
Q

What is the bioactive form of vitamin B2?

A

FAD and FMN

24
Q

What is the bioactive form of vitamin C?

A

Ascorbate

25
Q

What are causes of vitamin B7 (biotin) defeciency?

A
  • antibiotics
  • raw egg whites (contain avidin)
26
Q

What is the bioactive form of vitamin B3 and what is one of its sources?

A
  • NAD+, NADP+
  • derived from tryptophan
27
Q

What are the symptoms of excess in vitamin D?

A

Hypercalcemia (loss of appetite)

28
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?

A
  • Night blindness
  • scaly skin
  • cornea degeneration
  • spots on conjunctiva
29
Q

What is the function of vitamin B7?

A
  • Think eggs
  • cofactor for carboxylation (adds 1C)
30
Q

What is the function of vitamin B2?

A

Cofactors in redox reactions

31
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency?

A

Macrocytic/pernicious anemia (neurological defects)

  • hypersegmented neutrophils
  • paresthesias (numbness)/ataxia
32
Q

What is the function of vitamin A?

A
  • Antioxidant
  • Visual pigment
  • Treats acne/measles/leukemia
  • Differentiation of epithelial cells
33
Q

What is the bioactive form of vitamin B9 and how long and where is it stored?

A
  • THF
  • Stored for 3 months
  • Liver
34
Q

What is the bioactive form of vitamin B1?

A

TPP

35
Q

What is the function of vitamin B6?

A
  • Cofactor in transamination (AST/ALT)
  • Decarboxylation
  • Heme synthesis
  • Neurotransmitter synthesis
36
Q

What is the function of vitamin K?

A
  • Necessary for clotting factors (warfarin inhibits)
  • Inactive form synthesized by intestinal flora
37
Q

What is the function of vitamin B12?

A

Cofactor in 2 reactions:

  • Methionine synthase
  • methylmanoyl-CoA;

Important in myelin regulation, DNA/RNA synthesis

38
Q

What are the five causes of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency?

A
  1. Decreased secretion of pancreatic proteases (CF)
  2. Limited IF secretion
  3. Gastritis
  4. Parasites
  5. Vegan Diets
39
Q

What is the function of vitamin C?

A
  • Antioxidant
  • collagen synthesis (proline and lysine hydroxylation)
  • tyrosine synthesis
  • Carnitine synthesis (methionine/lysine hydroxylation)
  • neurotransmitter synthesis
  • iron absorption
40
Q

What is the function of vitamin E?

A

Antioxidant: protects RBC from ROS

41
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) deficiency?

A
  • Dermatitis
  • enteritis
  • alopecia
  • adrenal insufficiency
42
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency?

A
  • Bruising
  • petechiae (blood vessels bursting causing blood spots under skin)
  • kidney stones
  • scurvy
  • decreased immune response
  • microcytic/hypochromic anemia

SPM (ARSH) (5 decks)

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