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Foundations > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What does B9 (folate) deficiency cause

A

megaloblastic anemia, fatigue

red tongue

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2
Q

What is the function of Folic Acid

A

RBC production

Helps in first three months of pregnancy, preventing neural tube defects (spina bifida, cleft lip)

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3
Q

What is the function of B12 (cobalamin)

A

RBC production, nerve production

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4
Q

What are symptoms of B12 deficiency

A

megaloblastic anemia, fatigue, tingling in hands and feet, memory loss

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5
Q

What are symptoms of vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy (hemorrhaging), bleeding gums, weak bones and teeth

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6
Q

What are functions of Vitamin A

A

epithelial cell function; GI, GU, respiratory.

Retinol enters eyes, rhodopsin, iodopsin, night vision

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7
Q

What are symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency

A

bronchial obstruction, diarrhea, night vision blindness, pyuria, hematuria, vaginitis, keratosis pillars, bitot spots, xerophthalmia

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8
Q

What are Vitamin A toxicity symptoms

A

generalized headache, vomiting, irritability. In kids, intracranial pressure, fontanelle bulging, rash to palms and soles

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9
Q

What is the function of Vitamin D

A

uptake of calcium and phosphate. bone mineralization. Active form is calcitriol.
When UV rays hit the skin they synthesize cholesterol

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10
Q

What are symptoms of vitamin D deficiency

A

Ricketts, osteomalacia, hypocalcemia (muscle cramps), liver disease

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11
Q

What are symptoms of Ricketts

A

bow legged, knock kneed, rachitic rosary, Harrison groove, kyphoscoliosis, metaphysical cupping

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12
Q

What are symptoms of Vitamin D toxicity

A

parathyroid suppression- polydipsia, polyuria, dehydration, nephrolithiasis

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13
Q

What is the function of Vitamin E

A

repair damaged cells from oxidative stress, inhibit platelet aggregation

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14
Q

What are symptoms of Vitamin E deficiency

A

wide truncal ataxia, retinal damage, blindness

in babies- hemolytic anemia, hemolysis, thrombocytopenia

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15
Q

Why is there a vitamin E deficiency in premie babies

A

There is a vitamin E transfer that occurs in the last few weeks of gestation. Treat these babies with formula low in PUFA

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16
Q

What are symptoms of Vitamin E toxicity

A

interfere with Vitamin K leading to bleeding

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17
Q

What is the function of Vitamin K

A

Produced in the normal flora. Synthesize factors necessary for coagulation. inhibited by warfarin

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18
Q

What are symptoms of Vitamin K deficiency

A

epistaxis, ecchymosis, menorrhagia, GI bleeding, hematuria. In babies, bleeding at umbilical stump, intracranial hemorrhage

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19
Q

Who is Vitamin K deficiency prevalent in

A

babies that lack bacteria in the gut. Treat by giving IM Vitamin K prophylactically

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20
Q

What is the function of Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

A

digestion, heart, alcohol damaged nerve tissues

21
Q

What are Vitamin B1 deficiency symptoms

A

confusion, loss of balance, tingling in fingers and toes. Wernicke-Korsakoff

22
Q

Where is Vitamin B1 found

A

liver, red meat, yeast

23
Q

What are functions of B2 (riboflavin)

A

growth, hair, skin, nails, breakdown of proteins, carbs, and fats

24
Q

Where is B2 found

A

milk, yeast, fish

25
Q

What are symptoms of B2 deficiency

A

itchy eyes, itchy mucous membranes, angular chelitis

26
Q

What are functions of Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

A

helps absorb protein, carb, and fat. prevent skin conditions

27
Q

What does B6 deficiency cause

A

Skin inflammation

28
Q

Where is B6 found

A

fish, bananas

29
Q

What does iron deficiency cause

A

microcytic anemia, fatigue, pallor, pica, restless leg syndrome

30
Q

How do you treat Iron deficiency

A

with iron supplementation

May be associated with B6/B12 deficiency

31
Q

What does iron toxicity cause

A

n/v/d, abd pain, shock, seizure. Usually kids getting into parents iron pills (And XR)

32
Q

What is the function of iodine

A

component of thyroid hormone

fetal development

33
Q

What does Iodine deficiency cause

A

goiters hypothyroidism, endemic goiter, myxedema. In kids, cretinism

34
Q

What is the function of magnesium

A

metabolism. associated with hypokalemia and hypocalcemia (ATP pump)

35
Q

Who do you see magnesium deficiency in

A

alcoholics in withdrawal, diabetics, renal disease

36
Q

What does magnesium deficiency cause

A

tachycardia, prolonged QT duration, Torsades

37
Q

What is the function of zinc

A

immunity, testosterone production

38
Q

What are symptoms of zinc deficiency

A

decreased immune response and wound healing, ulcerations, angular chelitis, leukonychia, seborrheic dermatitis

39
Q

What is the function of copper

A

develop heme and collagen, nerve function

40
Q

What are symptoms of Copper deficiency

A

hypochromic microcytic anemia, neuropathy, osteoporosis

41
Q

What are symptoms of copper toxicity

A

Wilson’s disease (liver dysfunction)

Keyser Fleischer rings

42
Q

What is the function of manganese

A

connective tissue production, sex hormones, blood clotting factors

43
Q

What are symptoms of Chromium deficiency

A

seen in TPN patients.

weight loss, glucose intolerance

44
Q

What are functions of Vitamin C

A

nerve function, muscle contraction

45
Q

Who is at risk for zinc deficiency

A

pregnant women, growing kids, alcoholics

46
Q

What are symptoms of B3 (Niacin) deficiency

A

Pellagra (diarrhea, dementia) skin exposed to sunlight peels and is thick

47
Q

What is Wernicke syndrome

A

Caused by thiamine deficiency.

Causes bleeding in the brain causing vision, balance, and coordination problems

48
Q

What is Korsakoff syndrome

A

Caused by thiamine deficiency.
appears if Wernicke syndrome is not treated.
Memory loss

Foundations (4 decks)

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