Vitamins Flashcards
What does B9 (folate) deficiency cause
megaloblastic anemia, fatigue
red tongue
What is the function of Folic Acid
RBC production
Helps in first three months of pregnancy, preventing neural tube defects (spina bifida, cleft lip)
What is the function of B12 (cobalamin)
RBC production, nerve production
What are symptoms of B12 deficiency
megaloblastic anemia, fatigue, tingling in hands and feet, memory loss
What are symptoms of vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy (hemorrhaging), bleeding gums, weak bones and teeth
What are functions of Vitamin A
epithelial cell function; GI, GU, respiratory.
Retinol enters eyes, rhodopsin, iodopsin, night vision
What are symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency
bronchial obstruction, diarrhea, night vision blindness, pyuria, hematuria, vaginitis, keratosis pillars, bitot spots, xerophthalmia
What are Vitamin A toxicity symptoms
generalized headache, vomiting, irritability. In kids, intracranial pressure, fontanelle bulging, rash to palms and soles
What is the function of Vitamin D
uptake of calcium and phosphate. bone mineralization. Active form is calcitriol.
When UV rays hit the skin they synthesize cholesterol
What are symptoms of vitamin D deficiency
Ricketts, osteomalacia, hypocalcemia (muscle cramps), liver disease
What are symptoms of Ricketts
bow legged, knock kneed, rachitic rosary, Harrison groove, kyphoscoliosis, metaphysical cupping
What are symptoms of Vitamin D toxicity
parathyroid suppression- polydipsia, polyuria, dehydration, nephrolithiasis
What is the function of Vitamin E
repair damaged cells from oxidative stress, inhibit platelet aggregation
What are symptoms of Vitamin E deficiency
wide truncal ataxia, retinal damage, blindness
in babies- hemolytic anemia, hemolysis, thrombocytopenia
Why is there a vitamin E deficiency in premie babies
There is a vitamin E transfer that occurs in the last few weeks of gestation. Treat these babies with formula low in PUFA
What are symptoms of Vitamin E toxicity
interfere with Vitamin K leading to bleeding
What is the function of Vitamin K
Produced in the normal flora. Synthesize factors necessary for coagulation. inhibited by warfarin
What are symptoms of Vitamin K deficiency
epistaxis, ecchymosis, menorrhagia, GI bleeding, hematuria. In babies, bleeding at umbilical stump, intracranial hemorrhage
Who is Vitamin K deficiency prevalent in
babies that lack bacteria in the gut. Treat by giving IM Vitamin K prophylactically
What is the function of Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
digestion, heart, alcohol damaged nerve tissues
What are Vitamin B1 deficiency symptoms
confusion, loss of balance, tingling in fingers and toes. Wernicke-Korsakoff
Where is Vitamin B1 found
liver, red meat, yeast
What are functions of B2 (riboflavin)
growth, hair, skin, nails, breakdown of proteins, carbs, and fats
Where is B2 found
milk, yeast, fish
