Nutrition Flashcards
What is undernutrition
lack of intake of macronutrients
How do you calculate BMI
kg/M2
On growth chart, what is considered overweight and obese
Overweight is 85-95 percentile, Obese is >95th percentile
What is a measure of acute malnutrition
Wasting; weight for age >2 SD below normal weight (kids)
What is a measure of chronic malnutrition
Stunting. Height for age > 2 SD below normal height (kids)
What micronutrients are of concern in undernutrition
Zinc (rehydration) Iodine (cretinism, goiter) Vitamin A (night blindness, GI infection, keratinous changes) Iron (microcytic anemia) Folic acid (megaloblastic anemia)
What is protein-energy malnutrition
life threatening malnutrition of macronutrients and micronutrients (Marasmus/ Kwashiorkor)
What is Marasmus
weight loss, skin wrinkling (turgor), constipation, starvation diarrhea, hypocalcemia, skeletal deformities
What is Kwashiorkor
weight loss, lethargy, edema (moon face), diarrhea, vomiting, hepatomegaly, hypocalcemia, skeletal deformities
What is the biggest concern wth treating protein energy malnutrition
Preventing referring syndrome (hypophosphatemia leading to necrosis, rhabdo, AMS)
What are the phases of treating PEM
Initial phase (1 wk): correct dehydration, small frequent meals, Abx Rehabilitation (2-6 wk): iron replacement Discharge (after wk 6)
What is Noma
rapidly progressive necrotizing infectious ulcerating gingival inflammation in PEM patients
What are symptoms of Noma
gingivitis, fever, halitosis, anemia
How has obesity changed since 1960
300% increase since 1960. 65% of americans are overweight or obese
What are risk factors of obesity
low socioeconomic status, race (black, mexican), parental obesity, maternal education level, Hx IUGR
What are some endocrine causes of obesity
hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism
hyperinsulin
GH deficiency
How does lack of sleep affect obesity
lower glucose intolerance
increased cortisol
increased gherkin
decreased leptin (satiety)
What are some genetic causes of obesity
Down syndrome Turner syndrome Trader-willi syndrome Barrett Biedl syndrome POMC deficiency
What are some comorbidities of obesity
increased incidence of NAFLD=cirrhosis metabolic syndrome T2DM PCOS Eating disorders
What is ideal body fat
Men: 18-24%
Women: 25-31%
What are normal waist circumference measurements
Men: <31.5 in
Women: <27.5 in
