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Foundations > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is undernutrition

A

lack of intake of macronutrients

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2
Q

How do you calculate BMI

A

kg/M2

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3
Q

On growth chart, what is considered overweight and obese

A

Overweight is 85-95 percentile, Obese is >95th percentile

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4
Q

What is a measure of acute malnutrition

A

Wasting; weight for age >2 SD below normal weight (kids)

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5
Q

What is a measure of chronic malnutrition

A

Stunting. Height for age > 2 SD below normal height (kids)

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6
Q

What micronutrients are of concern in undernutrition

A 
Zinc (rehydration)
Iodine (cretinism, goiter)
Vitamin A (night blindness, GI infection, keratinous changes)
Iron (microcytic anemia)
Folic acid (megaloblastic anemia)
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7
Q

What is protein-energy malnutrition

A

life threatening malnutrition of macronutrients and micronutrients (Marasmus/ Kwashiorkor)

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8
Q

What is Marasmus

A

weight loss, skin wrinkling (turgor), constipation, starvation diarrhea, hypocalcemia, skeletal deformities

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9
Q

What is Kwashiorkor

A

weight loss, lethargy, edema (moon face), diarrhea, vomiting, hepatomegaly, hypocalcemia, skeletal deformities

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10
Q

What is the biggest concern wth treating protein energy malnutrition

A

Preventing referring syndrome (hypophosphatemia leading to necrosis, rhabdo, AMS)

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11
Q

What are the phases of treating PEM

A 
Initial phase (1 wk): correct dehydration, small frequent meals, Abx
Rehabilitation (2-6 wk): iron replacement
Discharge (after wk 6)
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12
Q

What is Noma

A

rapidly progressive necrotizing infectious ulcerating gingival inflammation in PEM patients

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13
Q

What are symptoms of Noma

A

gingivitis, fever, halitosis, anemia

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14
Q

How has obesity changed since 1960

A

300% increase since 1960. 65% of americans are overweight or obese

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15
Q

What are risk factors of obesity

A

low socioeconomic status, race (black, mexican), parental obesity, maternal education level, Hx IUGR

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16
Q

What are some endocrine causes of obesity

A

hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism
hyperinsulin
GH deficiency

17
Q

How does lack of sleep affect obesity

A

lower glucose intolerance
increased cortisol
increased gherkin
decreased leptin (satiety)

18
Q

What are some genetic causes of obesity

A 
Down syndrome 
Turner syndrome
Trader-willi syndrome
Barrett Biedl syndrome
POMC deficiency
19
Q

What are some comorbidities of obesity

A 
increased incidence of NAFLD=cirrhosis
metabolic syndrome
T2DM
PCOS
Eating disorders
20
Q

What is ideal body fat

A

Men: 18-24%
Women: 25-31%

21
Q

What are normal waist circumference measurements

A

Men: <31.5 in
Women: <27.5 in

Foundations (4 decks)

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