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PHARM 2, Exam 1 > VITAMINS > Flashcards

VITAMINS Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A important for

A

growth and dvp. bones and teeth
immunity
skin and mucous membranes
vision (night blindness)

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2
Q

Vitamin A is used for

A

some skin disorders (psoriasis)

replacement of losses or due to malabsoprtion

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3
Q

Vitamin A adverse Effects

A 
(RARE)
difficulty breathing
hives
swelling of face, lips or tongue
obstruction of airway
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4
Q

Vitamin A contraindications

A

history of hypersensitivity
GI malabsorption syndrome
pregnancy

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5
Q

Vitamin A OVERDOSE

A 
fatigue
nausea/vomiting/anorexia
HA
gingivitis
drying/cracking of lips and skin
hair loss
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6
Q

Vitamin A interactions

A

mineral oil and cholestyramine can decrease Vitamin A absorption
oral contraceptives can increase serum levels of Vitamin A

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7
Q 
Vitamin B1 (THIAMINE)
is important for
A

metabolizing carbohydrates (converting carbohydrates into energy)

To treat and prevent baribari

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8
Q

Vitamin B1 Adverse Effects

A

(few)
warmth, weakness, sweating, restlessness, tightness of throat, pulmonary edema, cardiac collapse, hypotension,
GI hemorrhage, nausea, urticaria, and pruitis

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9
Q

Vitamin B2

Riboflavin

A

works with proteins in the production of energy

HEALTHY SKIN, HEALTHY RED BLOOD CELL

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10
Q

Vitamin B2 is absorbed/excreted?

A

GI tract, excreted in the urine

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11
Q

Vitamin B2 Adverse Effects

A

may discolor urine bright yellow or fluorescent green

nontoxic

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12
Q

Vitamin B2 Deficiency symptoms

A

chelilitis (dry cracking of the skin)
Glolitis- enlarged tongue
Vascularization of cornea

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13
Q

Vitamin B3 Deficiency

A

results in Pellagra
(rough skin)
scaling, cracking skin, pain, soreness of tongue, abdominal pain, CNS irritation, insomnia, memory loss, anxiety, dementia

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14
Q

Vitamin B3

Niacin

A

treatment of elevated cholesterol

decreased the production of VLDL which decreases LDL, and increases HDL

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15
Q

Vitamin B3 is absorbed? metabolized? excreted?

A

GI tract
rapid first pass in the liver
urine

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16
Q

Vitamin B3 (Niacin) AE?

A
  • intense flushing (aspiriin 30 minutes before can help with intensisty of flushing)
  • hot flashes, nausea, vomiting, *excess gas, diarrhea, paresthesia-tingling in the extremities

More serious AE=liver toxicity

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17
Q

Vitamin B3 contraindications

A

elevated liver enzymes or history of liver disease

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18
Q

Precautions:

A

predisposition of gout–> can precipitate acute gout episode

can raise fasting glucose levels (monitor glucose frequently)

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19
Q 
Vitamin B6
( Pyridoxine )
A

helps with energy production in the brain
stimulates heme production in RBCs
facilitates the release of glycogen from the liver

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20
Q

Vitamin B6 deficiency

A

in alcoholics –> seborrhic dermatitis, microcytic anemia, convulsions, depression, and confusion

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21
Q

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) A.E

A

paresthesia
slight flushing
feeling of warmth
temporary burning or stinging pain @injection site

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22
Q

Vitamin B6 interactions

A

isoniazid as well as oral contraceptives may increase B6 requirements

Some people may have inherited metabolic disorders that cause them to be deficient

B6 may antagonize levodopa by reducing the amount of dopamine available to the brain

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23
Q

Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)

A

used to replace folate with anemia

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24
Q

vitamin B9 deficiency is associated with

A

ALCOHOLISM, LIVER DISEASE, PREGNANCY, INFACNY THROUGH CHILDHOOD, MALABSOPRTION SYNDROME

25
VITAMIN B9 A. E
feeling of warmth Flushing (both of these AEs with IV administration)
26
VITAMIN B9 (FOLIC ACID) INTERACTIONS
methotrexate antagonize folate Folic acid increases the metabolism of phenytoin (Dilantin)…may increase seizure activity
27
Vitamin B1 Deficiencies
Non-alcoholics as BERIBERI anesthesia of feet, ataxic gait, suffer from foot/risk drop Alcoholics nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, and permanent brain damage
28
LARGE DOSE OF Vitamin B3
vasodilation which causes flushing, dizziness, and nausea
29
Vitamin B12 used for
pernicious anemia | brain, spinal cord, and red blood cells
30
Vitamin B12 signs of deficiency
pallor, SOB, fatigue, dizziness, HA, cold hands/feet, heart palpitations and pain AFFECTS ALL TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS
31
When is oral Vitamin B12 effective
if the person has enough intrinsic factor and normal absorption in the small intestine
32
Vitamin B12 admin. route
given as an IM or subq weekly, biweekly, or monthly
33
Vitamin B12 AE
hypokalemia (monitor serum potassium) SIGNs of allergy sodium retention occurs in some patients
34
Vitamin B12 Contraindication
sensitivity | pulmonary disease
35
Vitamin B12 Precaution
heart disease (HF)
36
Vitamin B12 interactions
decreased absorption when used with alcohol
37
Vitamin C needed for
maintenance of collagen, blood vessels, cartilage, bones, teeth, skin, and tendons helps maintain would healing and increases resistance to infection
38
Vitamin C deficiency
SCRUBY causes problems with bone development, tooth development, gingivitis, loose teeth, pour wound healing, bleeding to bones/joints, and echomosis.
39
Vitamin C | A.E
``` heartburn abdominal cramps sickle cell crisis HA with rapid IV-temporary dizziness and soreness at injection site ``` MAy cause false-negative occult blood if taken 48-72 hours of testing
40
Vitamin C | Contraindications
formulations with ... sodium w/patients on sodium restriction calcium with patients taking digoxin
41
Vitamin C interactions
may interact with aspirin and inhibit the uptake of aspirin by tissues and blood cells
42
``` Vitamin D (ROCALTROL) uses ```
normal growth of bones, bone density, and nervous system works with PTH to maintain calcium homeostasis makes it possible for calcium absorption to occur
43
Vitamin D deficiency
RICKETS | (pt will have painful bones, muscle weakness, spasms, slow growth and development, increased risk of broken bones
44
What is used to prevent patient from being hypercalcemic
CALCITROIL
45
VITAMIN D | A.E
Ataxia, muscle and bone pain, constipation, anorexia, dizzines,, fatigue/weakness
46
Vitamin D | Cautions
coronary artery disease kidney stones biliary tract disease
47
Vitamin D | contraindications
``` hypersensitivity hypercalcemia hyperphosphatemia GI malabsorption hypertension and dyssrhythmias ```
48
Vitamin D | Interactions
mineral oil and cholestyramine can decrease Vitamin D> Avoid the use of calcitroil bc it will increase hpercalcemia
49
Vitamin E Uses
prevents damage to cell membranes and proteins Decreases Platelet aggregation growth and development of muscle tone
50
Vitamin E | A.E
HA, skeletal muscle weakness, nausea, diarrhea, intestinal cramps, thrombophlebitis, contact dermatitis, blurred vision, abnormal bleeding
51
Vitamin E | precautions
can prolong bleeding times pt. w/bleeding disorder Thrombocytopenia
52
Vitamin E Interactions
mineral oil and deplate fat-soluble vitamins | May enhance warfarin
53
Vitamin K
benefits blood clotting | helps maintain healthy bones, help fracture heal, and minimizes osteoporosis
54
Vitamin K is the antidote to?
WARFARIN
55
``` Vitamin K (AquaMephhyton) A.E ```
hypersensistivity like reaction (facial-flushing, cramp-like pains, compulsive movements, chills, fever, diaphoresis, weakness, dizziness, shock, and cardiac arrest) Possible pain at the injection site or hematoma formation
56
Vitamin K Interactions
Can ANTAGONIZE warfarin | cholestyramine or mineral oil can DECREASE absorption
57
Vitamin K precaution
patients with biliary tract disease and liver disease
58
Vitamin K deficiency
heavy menstrual bleeding easily bruised nose/gum bleeding

PHARM 2, Exam 1 (2 decks)

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