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PHARM 2, Exam 1 > VITAMINS > Flashcards

VITAMINS Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A important for

A

growth and dvp. bones and teeth
immunity
skin and mucous membranes
vision (night blindness)

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2
Q

Vitamin A is used for

A

some skin disorders (psoriasis)

replacement of losses or due to malabsoprtion

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3
Q

Vitamin A adverse Effects

A 
(RARE)
difficulty breathing
hives
swelling of face, lips or tongue
obstruction of airway
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4
Q

Vitamin A contraindications

A

history of hypersensitivity
GI malabsorption syndrome
pregnancy

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5
Q

Vitamin A OVERDOSE

A 
fatigue
nausea/vomiting/anorexia
HA
gingivitis
drying/cracking of lips and skin
hair loss
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6
Q

Vitamin A interactions

A

mineral oil and cholestyramine can decrease Vitamin A absorption
oral contraceptives can increase serum levels of Vitamin A

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7
Q 
Vitamin B1 (THIAMINE)
is important for
A

metabolizing carbohydrates (converting carbohydrates into energy)

To treat and prevent baribari

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8
Q

Vitamin B1 Adverse Effects

A

(few)
warmth, weakness, sweating, restlessness, tightness of throat, pulmonary edema, cardiac collapse, hypotension,
GI hemorrhage, nausea, urticaria, and pruitis

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9
Q

Vitamin B2

Riboflavin

A

works with proteins in the production of energy

HEALTHY SKIN, HEALTHY RED BLOOD CELL

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10
Q

Vitamin B2 is absorbed/excreted?

A

GI tract, excreted in the urine

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11
Q

Vitamin B2 Adverse Effects

A

may discolor urine bright yellow or fluorescent green

nontoxic

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12
Q

Vitamin B2 Deficiency symptoms

A

chelilitis (dry cracking of the skin)
Glolitis- enlarged tongue
Vascularization of cornea

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13
Q

Vitamin B3 Deficiency

A

results in Pellagra
(rough skin)
scaling, cracking skin, pain, soreness of tongue, abdominal pain, CNS irritation, insomnia, memory loss, anxiety, dementia

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14
Q

Vitamin B3

Niacin

A

treatment of elevated cholesterol

decreased the production of VLDL which decreases LDL, and increases HDL

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15
Q

Vitamin B3 is absorbed? metabolized? excreted?

A

GI tract
rapid first pass in the liver
urine

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16
Q

Vitamin B3 (Niacin) AE?

A
  • intense flushing (aspiriin 30 minutes before can help with intensisty of flushing)
  • hot flashes, nausea, vomiting, *excess gas, diarrhea, paresthesia-tingling in the extremities

More serious AE=liver toxicity

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17
Q

Vitamin B3 contraindications

A

elevated liver enzymes or history of liver disease

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18
Q

Precautions:

A

predisposition of gout–> can precipitate acute gout episode

can raise fasting glucose levels (monitor glucose frequently)

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19
Q 
Vitamin B6
( Pyridoxine )
A

helps with energy production in the brain
stimulates heme production in RBCs
facilitates the release of glycogen from the liver

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20
Q

Vitamin B6 deficiency

A

in alcoholics –> seborrhic dermatitis, microcytic anemia, convulsions, depression, and confusion

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21
Q

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) A.E

A

paresthesia
slight flushing
feeling of warmth
temporary burning or stinging pain @injection site

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22
Q

Vitamin B6 interactions

A

isoniazid as well as oral contraceptives may increase B6 requirements

Some people may have inherited metabolic disorders that cause them to be deficient

B6 may antagonize levodopa by reducing the amount of dopamine available to the brain

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23
Q

Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)

A

used to replace folate with anemia

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24
Q

vitamin B9 deficiency is associated with

A

ALCOHOLISM, LIVER DISEASE, PREGNANCY, INFACNY THROUGH CHILDHOOD, MALABSOPRTION SYNDROME

25
Q

VITAMIN B9 A. E

A

feeling of warmth
Flushing
(both of these AEs with IV administration)

26
Q

VITAMIN B9 (FOLIC ACID) INTERACTIONS

A

methotrexate antagonize folate

Folic acid increases the metabolism of phenytoin (Dilantin)…may increase seizure activity

27
Q

Vitamin B1 Deficiencies

A

Non-alcoholics as BERIBERI
anesthesia of feet, ataxic gait, suffer from foot/risk drop

Alcoholics
nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, and permanent brain damage

28
Q

LARGE DOSE OF Vitamin B3

A

vasodilation which causes flushing, dizziness, and nausea

29
Q

Vitamin B12 used for

A

pernicious anemia

brain, spinal cord, and red blood cells

30
Q

Vitamin B12 signs of deficiency

A

pallor, SOB, fatigue, dizziness, HA, cold hands/feet, heart palpitations and pain

AFFECTS ALL TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS

31
Q

When is oral Vitamin B12 effective

A

if the person has enough intrinsic factor and normal absorption in the small intestine

32
Q

Vitamin B12 admin. route

A

given as an IM or subq weekly, biweekly, or monthly

33
Q

Vitamin B12 AE

A

hypokalemia (monitor serum potassium)

SIGNs of allergy

sodium retention occurs in some patients

34
Q

Vitamin B12 Contraindication

A

sensitivity

pulmonary disease

35
Q

Vitamin B12 Precaution

A

heart disease (HF)

36
Q

Vitamin B12 interactions

A

decreased absorption when used with alcohol

37
Q

Vitamin C needed for

A

maintenance of collagen, blood vessels, cartilage, bones, teeth, skin, and tendons

helps maintain would healing and increases resistance to infection

38
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

SCRUBY
causes problems with bone development, tooth development, gingivitis, loose teeth, pour wound healing, bleeding to bones/joints, and echomosis.

39
Q

Vitamin C

A.E

A 
heartburn
abdominal cramps
sickle cell crisis
HA
with rapid IV-temporary dizziness and soreness at injection site

MAy cause false-negative occult blood if taken 48-72 hours of testing

40
Q

Vitamin C

Contraindications

A

formulations with …
sodium w/patients on sodium restriction
calcium with patients taking digoxin

41
Q

Vitamin C interactions

A

may interact with aspirin and inhibit the uptake of aspirin by tissues and blood cells

42
Q 
Vitamin D (ROCALTROL)
uses
A

normal growth of bones, bone density, and nervous system

works with PTH to maintain calcium homeostasis

makes it possible for calcium absorption to occur

43
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

RICKETS

(pt will have painful bones, muscle weakness, spasms, slow growth and development, increased risk of broken bones

44
Q

What is used to prevent patient from being hypercalcemic

A

CALCITROIL

45
Q

VITAMIN D

A.E

A

Ataxia, muscle and bone pain, constipation, anorexia, dizzines,, fatigue/weakness

46
Q

Vitamin D

Cautions

A

coronary artery disease
kidney stones
biliary tract disease

47
Q

Vitamin D

contraindications

A 
hypersensitivity
hypercalcemia
hyperphosphatemia
GI malabsorption
hypertension and dyssrhythmias
48
Q

Vitamin D

Interactions

A

mineral oil and cholestyramine can decrease Vitamin D>

Avoid the use of calcitroil bc it will increase hpercalcemia

49
Q

Vitamin E Uses

A

prevents damage to cell membranes and proteins
Decreases Platelet aggregation
growth and development of muscle tone

50
Q

Vitamin E

A.E

A

HA, skeletal muscle weakness, nausea, diarrhea, intestinal cramps, thrombophlebitis, contact dermatitis, blurred vision, abnormal bleeding

51
Q

Vitamin E

precautions

A

can prolong bleeding times
pt. w/bleeding disorder
Thrombocytopenia

52
Q

Vitamin E Interactions

A

mineral oil and deplate fat-soluble vitamins

May enhance warfarin

53
Q

Vitamin K

A

benefits blood clotting

helps maintain healthy bones, help fracture heal, and minimizes osteoporosis

54
Q

Vitamin K is the antidote to?

A

WARFARIN

55
Q 
Vitamin K (AquaMephhyton)
A.E
A

hypersensistivity like reaction
(facial-flushing, cramp-like pains, compulsive movements, chills, fever, diaphoresis, weakness, dizziness, shock, and cardiac arrest)

Possible pain at the injection site or hematoma formation

56
Q

Vitamin K Interactions

A

Can ANTAGONIZE warfarin

cholestyramine or mineral oil can DECREASE absorption

57
Q

Vitamin K precaution

A

patients with biliary tract disease and liver disease

58
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

A

heavy menstrual bleeding
easily bruised
nose/gum bleeding

PHARM 2, Exam 1 (2 decks)

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