Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHARM 2, Exam 1 > Bio chem and poisons > Flashcards

Bio chem and poisons Flashcards

1
Q

Three forms of Anthrax

A

inhalation, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does inhalation anthrax start off

A

fever, cough, malaise, and weakness then progresses to sudden increase of fever, respiratory distress, septicemia, hemorrhagic meningitis and shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does cutaneous anthrax start off

A

small vesicle or papule that itches that forms within 1-7 days of exposure, then becomes an ulcer with necrosis with a black scab by day 10; scab falls off by day 12-14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

INHALATION TX

A

IV ciprofloxacin is choice along with IV doxycycline
Tx last 60 days
Can be given antibiotics if resistant; patient can switch to oral antibiotics when clinically stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CUTANEOUS TX

A

oral ciprofloxacin and oral doxycycline

duration of treatment will last 60 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vaccine for Anthrax (BIOTHRAX)

A

3 Subq injections 2 weeks apart then for 6, 12, 18 months w/annual boosters;
Usually for people at high risk–> deal with large animals, military, veterinarians
lab workers where anthrax is worked with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adverse effect of Biothrax vaccine

A

muscle and joint aches, HA, local redness/tenderness, or itching, fatigue, nausea, chills/fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When will you treat anthrax with gentamicin and streptomycin

A

when you have a few people exposed to anthrax you will give it to the pregnant person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Botulism S/Sx

A

symmetric flaccid paralysis beginning 12-72 hours after exposure, may last for weeks to months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Boutlism Tx

A

supportive care with fluid and nutritional support; mechanical ventilation;
* infusion of botulism antitoxin (should be given immediately to minimize damage to nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

YERSINIA PESTIS

A

acquired by inhaling aerosolized Yersinia pestis

w/out tx it rapidly increases to respiratory failure and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Yersinia Pestis tx

A

doxycycline or ciprofloxacin for 7 days

no vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tularemia

A

most infectious bacteria known; 10 microbes can cause disease; Acquired through skin and mucous membrane, GI tract, and lungs–>most likely spread as an aerosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tularemia S/Sx

A

develop in 3-5 days
acute flu-like illness
fever/chills, body aches, sneezing, sore throat, can progress to a hemorrhagic inflammation of the airway;
pneumonia, respiratory failure, shock, or death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tularemia TX

A

SMALL GROUP
IM streptomycin, gentamicin (alternate)

MASS OUTBREAK
oral doxycycline (14-21 days) or ciprofloxacin (10 days)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sarin causes

A

sever muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

As nurse what would you do for a pt exposed to Sarin

A

re-hydrate*
wash chemical off skin, remove clothing, flush with soap and water, use bleach for contamination, flush with soap and water, patient may need ventilator support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What antidote reverses chollinergic effects

A

ATROPINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SARIN TX

A 
remove clothing
Flush with soap and water
objects can be flushed with 5% bleach & water
*mechanical ventilation
*atropine
*diazepam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PRIORITY CARE FOR SARIN

A

1. maintain airway and ventilation

after breathing you check circulation
(ON EXAM DO NOT PUT IV AS PRIORITY)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

drugs used to treat radiation exposure

A

Prussian blue & potassium iodide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Potassium Iodide

A

should be given immediately after exposure; If not immediately then within 48 hours; each dose will protect patient for 24 hours;

Repeated does should be avoided during lactation/pregnancy and in newborns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Prussian Blue

A

increases excretion time of radioactive substances (prevents re absorption in small intestines)

24
Q

Nursing considerations for Prussian Blue

A

assess Bowel sounds before patient is given this; Use laxative longside with prussian blue because it may cause constipation; Good hand hygiene and sanitation;

25
Q

Prussian Blue causes(AE) and Nursing Interventions

A

constipation which will make radioactive substance stay in intestine longer–> as nurse you would increase fiber and use laxatives

Hypokalemia- as nurse you would monitor potassium levels be cautious in people with dysrhythmia

Will turn stool blue

Will turn teeth blue, use straw with administration, brush teeth, and rinse mouth

26
Q

Small pox Tx

A

vaccination is the only treatment.
Given in upper arm, LIVE VIRUS;

Site should be covered with sterile gauze, taped on all 4 sides, and perhaps covered with semipermeable membrane

Instruct pt to not scratch, keep covered for 3-5 days, do not get wet, after 7 days patient ill be assessed. Good hand hygiene

27
Q

Successful Small Pox VAccination

A

3-4 days- red itchy bump appears
week 1- turns into a blister and drainage
week 2- blister dries and becomes a scab
week 3- scab falls off and leaves a scar

28
Q

How do you measure effectiveness of Prussion Blue for Radiation Exposure

A

Measure in urine and stool at baseline and periodically

29
Q

Things to look for when someone exposed to Sarin Gas is having a cholinergic crisis

A

eye water, diuresis, diarrhea, emesis, frequent voiding, drooling! ( GREAT LOSS OF OUTPUT) So nurse would need to focus on re-hydrating

30
Q

Most important element in managing acute care for poison

A

SUPPORTIVE CARE

31
Q

Primary concern for poison patients

A

maintenance of repsirtion and circulation

32
Q

Poison Tx.

A

Normal or Ringers Solution
give IV dextrose for coma of unknown cause
get arterial blood gas for acid/base balance

33
Q

If convulsions are present in patient that has been poisoned what do we give?

A

DIAZEPAM

34
Q

Antidote for Acetaminophen

A

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

35
Q

Antidote for Beta Blockers

A

Glucagon

36
Q

Antidote for Digoxin

A

Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)

37
Q

Antidote for Opiods

A

(Narcan) Naloxone

38
Q

Antidote for Cholinesterase inhibtoirs

A

atropine

39
Q

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADM ROUTE

A

given PO or NG tube (NG tube is the most common)

excreted in the feces

40
Q

AS nurse what should we make sure before charcoal is administered

A

that bowels are working;
(black powder can cause constipationso we need to make sure bowels are moving)

Do not give in a patient with depressed CNS or who is unconscious

41
Q

AE of CHARCOAL

A

constipation or diarrhea

vomiting

42
Q

CHARCOAL contradindications

A

do not use with
Decreased LOC
pt. with GI obstruction
DO NOT USE WITH DIARY OR MILK PRODUCTS *

43
Q

CHARCOAL Precautions

A

diminished gag reflex

CNS depression

44
Q

What can be given to make urine more alkaline?

promote the excretion of acids such as ASPIRIN or PHENOBARBITAL

A

sodium bicarbonate

then you will give lasix (furosemide) to flush

45
Q

What can be given to make urine more acidic

can promote excretion of bases such as AMPHETAMINES

A

ASCORBIC ACID

46
Q

ANTIDOTE FOR HEAVY METAL POISON

A

chelatin agents

47
Q

Edetate calcium disodium (Calcium EDTA)

is used to treat

A

LEAD

manganese, nickel, and zinc

48
Q

EDTA admin route

A

IM or IV

excreted in the urine (50% of lead is excreted in 1 hour)

49
Q

Nurse considerations dfor EDTA

A

monitor for kidney and liver problems

50
Q

EDTA Adverse Effects

A

RENAL DAMAGE (proteinuria and microscopic hematuria)

cardiac irregularities

hypotension and thrombophlebitis

febrile reaction (thirst, fever, chills, myalgia, arthralgia, GI distress)

histamine-like reaction (flushing, throbbing HA, sweating, sneezing, nasal congestion, lacrimation, postural hypotention, tachycardia)

51
Q

Dimercaprol (BAL in Oil)

Treats

A

arsenic, gold, mercury and…

* in conjunction with EDTA calcium in lead encephalopathy*

52
Q

Dimercaprol (BAL) ADMIN route

A

IM, assess for allergy to peanuts

53
Q

Dimercaprol CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

liver insufficiency (except with post-arsenic jaundice)
renal insufficiency
hypersensitivity to peanuts

54
Q

Dimercaprol Precautions

A

hypertension

renal disease

55
Q

TWO CHELATIN AGENTS

A

Calcium EDTA)

Dimercaprol

PHARM 2, Exam 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions