Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamin A function

Answer 1

Antioxidant, visual pigments, makes epithelial cells specialize in tissues

Question 2

Vitamin A Deficiency

Answer 2

Night blindness, dry skin, alopecia, immune suppression

Question 3

Vitamin A Excess

Answer 3

Arthralgias, scaly skin, cerebral edema, osteoporosis, Teratogenic (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)

Question 4

Vitabin B1 function (thiamine)

Answer 4

Cofactor for Pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha ketoglutarate, and transketolase

Question 5

Vitamin B1 deficiency (Thiamine)

Answer 5

Impared glucose breakdown,
Dry beriberi: polyneuritis, muscle wasting
Wet beriberi: high output cardiac failure, edema

Question 6

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) function

Answer 6

Component of FAD and FMN, used in succinate dehydrogenase in TCA

Question 7

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency

Answer 7

Cheilosis, corneal vascularization

Question 8

Vitamin B3 (niacin) function

Answer 8

Makes up NAD and NADP, derived from tryptophan.

Lowers VLDL and raises HDL

Question 9

Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency

Answer 9

Glossitis and pellagra (diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis)

Malignant carcinoid syndrome

Question 10

Vitamin B3 (niacin) excess

Answer 10

Facial flushing via Prostaglandin, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia

Question 11

Vitamin B5 (pantothenate) function

Answer 11

Component of coenxyme A and fatty acid synthase

Question 12

Vitamin B5 (pantothenate) deficiency

Answer 12

Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

Question 13

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) funcition

Answer 13

Used for transaminations, glycogen phosphorylase, and decarboxylations

Question 14

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency

Answer 14

Convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy

homocystinurea

Question 15

Vitamin B7 (biotin) function

Answer 15

Cofactor for carboxylation enzymes,

Pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, Propionyl CoA carboxylase

Question 16

Vitamin B7 (biotin) deficiency

Answer 16

Dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis. Caused by too many egg whites

Question 17

Vitamin B9 (folic acid) function

Answer 17

converted to tetrahydrofolate, a coenzyme for carbon transfer. Used in synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA

Question 18

Vitamin B9 (folic acid) deficiency

Answer 18

Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia, glossitis, no neurological dsymptoms

Question 19

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) function

Answer 19

Cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase (SAM cycle)

Question 20

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency

Answer 20

Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia, paresthesias, degeneration of dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts, and spinocerebellar tracts.

Question 21

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) function

Answer 21

Antioxidant, facilitates iron absorption, hyroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis

Question 22

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency

Answer 22

Scurvy - swollen gums, brusing, poor wound healing

Question 23

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) excess

Answer 23

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, faticgue, calcium nepholithiasis

Question 24

Vitamin D function

Answer 24

helps intestines absorb calcium and phosphate

mineralizes bones

Question 25

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 25

Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults

Question 26

Vitamin D excess

Answer 26

Seen in sarcoidosis,

hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, loss of appetite, stupor

Question 27

Vitamin E (tocopherol/tocotrienol) function

Answer 27

antioxidant, protects erythrocytes

Question 28

Vitamin E (tocopherol/tocotrienol) deficiency

Answer 28

Hemolytic anemia, muscle weakness, posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination. Seen in CF

Question 29

Vitamin K function

Answer 29

Cofactor for carboxylation of glutamic acid on clotting factors. synthesized by intestinal flora

Question 30

Vitamin K deficiency

Answer 30

Neonatal hemorrhage

Question 31

Zinc function

Answer 31

Essential for formation of zinc fingers and many enzyme function

Question 32

Zinc deficiency

Answer 32

Delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, decreased hair, acrodermatitis enteropathica