Drugs Flashcards
Oxacillin, Nafcillin, dicloxacillin
Penicillinase resistant penicillins
Piperacillin
beta lactamase, use for pseudomonas
cefazolin, cephalexin
1st gen cephalosporins, use for protus, e coli, klepsiella
cefoxitin, cefaclor
2nd gen cephalosporins, use for Haemophilus, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Klebsiella, Serratia
Ceftriaxone
3rd gen cephalosporin, use for meningitis and gonorrhea
Cefepime
4rth gen cephalosporin, use for psuedomonas
aztreonam
betalactamase resistant, no cross allergeicity with penicillins
Gentamicin, neomycin, Streptomycin
Aminoglycosides,
Bind to 30s and inhibit formation of initiation complex and mRNA misreading.
Ineffective against anaerobes
Tetracycline, doxycycline
Tetracyclines
Bind to 30s and prevent attachment of tRNA
Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin
macrolides
Bind to 50s and block translocation
Cloramphenicol
Block peptidyltransferase at 50s
Serious infections only
Causes aplastic anemia and grey baby syndrome
Ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones
Inhibit DNA gyrase
can cause tendon rupture, damages cartilage in fetus
Clindamycin
Blocks peptide transfer at 50s
treats anaerobes above the diaphragm
Metronidazole
Forms free radicals to damage DNA
Treats anaerobs below diaphragm
Disulfiram like reaction with alcohol
Isoniazid
blocks synthesis of mycolic acids
neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, can induce B6 deficiency
Rifampin
inhibis DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Orange fluids
pyrazinamide
Acidifies intracellular environment of TB
Ethambutol
decreases carbohydrate polymerization of cell wall
red green colorblind
Amphotericin B
Binds ergosterol to form membrane pores
nephrotoxicity, arrhythmias, anemia
Azoles
inhibity fungal sterol synthesis by inhibiting P450
Terbinafine
inhibits squalene epoxidase, use for dermatophytoses
Oseltamivir
Inhibits influenxa neuraminidase
ribaviren
Inhibits Guanine synthesisby inhibiting inosine monophosphate
Acyclovir, Famciclovir, valayclovir
Guanosine analog, chain termination
Needs to be phosphorilated
Ganciclovir
Guanosine analog, inhibits viral DNA polymerase
Foscarnet
Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor
does not need to be phosphorilated